The Merchant of Venice and Shylock Offering Essay Example for Free

The Merchant of Venice and Shylock Offering Essay A wide range of individuals can be fortunate or unfortunate or might appear to be acceptable however terrible or the reverse way around. In The vendor of Venice by William Shakespeare, shylock, the cash loaning Jew, is seen progressively like a scoundrel then a casualty. Shylock is a lowlife since he thinks progressively about his cash then he thinks about his girl, he isn't lenient towards shylock and hewants a pound of tissue from Antonio for hello there vengeance. Most importantly shylock is a scoundrel since he thinks progressively about his ducats then his girl, Jessica. Shylock thinks increasingly about his cash then his girl since when Jessica left home with Lorenzo, that she intended to steal away with, shylock was extremely distraught in light of the fact that his little girl left however generally he was frantic on the grounds that she left with a ton of cash and his gems. This shows shylock is a scoundrel since he minds a greater amount of his cash then his family and family ought to consistently be a higher priority than cash. Solanio is stating what he heard shylock state in the avenues: My girl! O my ducats! O my girl! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! Equity! The law! My ducats and my girl! Furthermore, gems two stones, two rich and valuable stones, Stol'n by my girl! Equity! Discover the young lady! She hath the stones upon her, and the ducats! In this citation Solanio is stating to Salerio what he heard shylock saying in the roads of how distraught he was of his girl leaving with all his cash. This statement is shylock conversing with tubal about Jessica leaving â€Å"I would my girl were dead at my foot, and/the gems in her ears: would she were hearsed at my foot,/and the ducats in her coffin!.(III.i.79-81). Shylock is frantic that his little girl left him with his cash and would need her to be dead before him to get his cash and have every one of her ducats from her final resting place. This shows Shylock is a lowlife since he would go to the degree to needing her dead for his ducats. Shylock is additionally a reprobate since he was not being tolerant towards Antonio. At the point when Shylock needed his pound of substance from Antonio shylock was not being kind he truly needed that pound of tissue from him. Portia camouflaged as an attorney even attempted to advise shylock to be give benevolence however he didn't need as well. Shylock accepted more in the equity yet the Christians need benevolence. This statement is shylock declining to the duke of being lenient â€Å" I have had your finesse of what I reason,/And by our sacred Sabbath have I sworn/To have the due and relinquish of my bond† shylock I advising to the duke that I will keep my bond and that regardless of what this is his bond and he will keep it nobody can persuade him. Portia and Shylock are examined about leniency: In this citation shylock wouldn't like to offer kindness to Antonio and Portia says that you can't get benevolence on the off chance that you don't give a few. As should be obvious Shylock is a reprobate since he isn't kind in any way. At last shylock is a reprobate since he needs a pound of substance from Antonio since Antonio didn't take care of him. The main explanation the Shylock needs a pound of substance from Antonio is for vengeance and in the event that you get a pound of tissue taken there are numerous progressions you will kick the bucket which were Shylock's expectation to get Antonio to pass on so he gets his retribution for spitting in his face and loaning cash to others premium free and that made Shylock lose cash. This is Shylock saying that Antonio miss treats him and he plans to loan cash from Shylock â€Å"Fair sir, you spet on me on Wednesday last;/to you rejected me such a day; some other time/you considered me a dog†(I.iii.126-128) here Shylock is frantic at Antonio and needs retribution so makes an arrangement that he makes the bond premium free yet on the off chance that Antonio doesn't take care of he should give a pound of tissue to Shylock. This statement is Shylock offering to Antonio the cash premium free yet under the state of one pound substance on the off chance that he doesn't reimburse in time â€Å"Expressed in the condition, let the relinquish/be named for an equivalent pound/Of your reasonable tissue to be cut off and taken†(I.iii.151-153). Shylock needed retribution towards Antonio for what he had done so he made this security this demonstrates shylock is an all in all, Shylock is a reprobate since he couldn't care less about his little girl all the more then his cash and he needs vengeance on Antonio by getting a pound of tissue. Like you can find in the vendor of Venice by William Shakespeare, Shylock is viewed as an appalling man. Individuals are positive or negative those this mean they were brought into the world that way or you get awful or great later on throughout everyday life.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) Collection, Preparation and Uses

New Frozen Plasma (FFP) Collection, Preparation and Uses Samuel Good New Frozen Plasma Presentation New Frozen Plasma (FFP) is the name for the fluid bit of human blood, which has been solidified and saved. It is taken by blood gift and is put away until required for blood transfusion. FFP has been accessible since 1941 (Hoffman, et al, 1990), it was utilized at first as a volume expander (Erber, et al, 2006), however is currently utilized for the â€Å"management and counteraction of seeping in coagulopathic patients† (Ho, et al, 2005). The term FFP is befuddling as the plasma can't be solidified just as new simultaneously. What the term suggests is that the plasma was solidified quickly after it was taken and subsequently can be viewed as new. The plasma, from a transfusion perspective, contains fundamental segments, for example, fibrinogen, egg whites, globulin and coagulation factors. These take into account explicit individual parts to be moved to a beneficiary who is out of luck. The most productive and compelling approach to utilize blood which has been given, is to isolate it into its individual parts. This procedure takes into consideration a â€Å"wider accessibility of blood products† (Spence, et al, 2006) and furthermore lessens the hazard patients are presented to â€Å"transfusion-related risks† (Erber, et al, 2006). The utilization of FFP and its individual items has expanded ten times since its first presentation (Hoffman, et al, 1990). One explanation behind this might be the declining accessibility of entire blood due to the pattern to utilize segment treatment (Spence, et al, 2006). Assortment and Storage At the point when a contributor gives a unit of entire blood, the blood is then isolated into a few segments parts. These incorporate; pressed red platelets (pRBC), platelets and FFP. Whenever required the FFP can be additionally isolated into cryoprecipitate and something many refer to as cryo-poor plasma. Cryo-poor plasma is infrequently utilized as a restorative reaction (Lauzier, et al, 2007). As referenced beforehand, plasma is the non-cell, fluid piece of the blood. It is comprised of; water, electrolytes and proteins. The proteins incorporate the thickening components and characteristic coagulants (Murray, et al, 1995). The plasma is isolated from the blood after gift and afterward solidified. For the plasma to be considered ‘fresh’ it must be solidified â€Å"within eight hours of collection† (Murray, et al, 1995) and put away at a temperature of short 18 degrees centigrade or lower. On the off chance that this neglects to occur, the item is referred to similarly as ‘frozen plasma’, which like cryo-poor plasma, is once in a while utilized for restorative methods. In any case, to keep up coagulation elements to ideal levels the plasma ought to be put away at short 30 degrees centigrade (Lauzier, et al, 2007). FFP can be set up by division from entire blood or through plasmapheresis. Plasmapheresis is the name given to a â€Å"broad scope of procedures† where â€Å"extracorporeal partition of blood components† (Erber, et al, 2006) brings about a plasma which is separated. Planning To sum up, FFP is gathered in citrate-containing anticoagulant arrangement, solidified inside 8 hours and put away at short 30 degrees centigrade for as long as a year. Albeit each assurance is taken to guarantee sterility, it is very workable for the giver to have an asymptomatic bacteraemia at the hour of gift (Stanworth, et al, 2004). The microscopic organisms will have its expansion down-controlled by the plasma being solidified. Notwithstanding, FFP can at present here and there transmit irresistible infections. Subsequently, screening and pathogen inactivation might be performed to diminish the hazard. FFP contains no RBC’s and furthermore no WBC’s. As there are no WBC’s the plasma is alluded to be as being leucodepleted. This is a sign regarding why FFP can transmit said sicknesses. As referenced pathogen inactivation can be performed and this is finished by utilizing either Methylene blue or a dissolvable/cleanser process. The Methylene Blue Technique Methylene blue is a color that has been demonstrated to be viable in the inactivation of pathogens. It ties to nucleic acids and, on enlightenment with white light, singlet oxygen is framed. This at that point obliterates viral DNA and RNA, thusly popular replication can't happen. Dissolvable/Detergent Technique This strategy is utilized for the planning of variables viii and ix just as immunoglobulins. Initial, a dissolvable is added to the plasma which evacuates the lipid viral envelope. After this is finished, a cleanser is included which inactivates the viral substance. The dissolvable and cleanser are then expelled by a physical partition method, where they are disintegrated in oil. Section chromatography would then be able to be utilized to detach factors viii and ix. When any treatment that is required is finished, the FFP is prepared for use. It is an acknowledged practice that FFP is defrosted before use (Ho, et al, 2005). The necessary units of FFP are put in a water shower set at 30 †37 degrees centigrade for around 20 †30 minutes. Von Heyman, et al researched the impacts of 2 distinctive defrosting machines and running warm water of 43 degrees centigrade, on the action of coagulating elements, inhibitors and enactment markers in FFP. They found no noteworthy contrasts in the action of coagulation markers over a 6 hour time frame post defrosting. Be that as it may, a significant end discovered was that, if FFP is quickly transfused subsequent to defrosting, the item stayed wealthy in thickening components. Likewise, if the plasma is left, the movement of said thickening variables decrease step by step and in this manner FFP should just be kept up at room temperature for as long as 4 hours. Whenever defrosted FFP isn't utilized inside 24 hours it turns into a different item known as ‘thawed plasma’ (Murray, et al, 1995). Most thickening variables are steady in defrosted plasma, anyway some labile elements, for example, v and viii are definitely not. Their corruption really quickens while the plasma is in a fluid state (Lauzier, et al, 2007). The main primary preferred position of having defrosted plasma promptly accessible, is that it very well may be transfused quickly if a seriously harmed quiet requires it. FFP Blood Type Specific It is generally acknowledged that O negative is the widespread giver for pRBC’s, anyway for FFP this isn’t the case. An and B antigens of the blood are situated on the red cells themselves. Type O people are without these proteins on their red platelets. Plasma doesn't contain RBC’s, however it contains antibodies to the relating missing protein. A case of this is: Type An individual has Anti-B antibodies in their blood. Type O plasma has both Anti-An and Anti-B antibodies and is contrary with around 55 percent of the populace. A person with type AB blood has neither Anti-A nor Anti-B antibodies. This makes the AB plasma perfect for all inclusive use when the blood classification of the patient is obscure. The Rh status is unessential in light of the fact that any plasma with Anti-D is annihilated at the assembling stage. Beneficiary blood Adequate blood gatherings of benefactor plasma O O,A,B,AB A A,AB B B,AB Abdominal muscle Abdominal muscle The serious issue with blood classification AB is that the level of the populace which has it is just 4 percent. Accordingly it is smarter to utilize FFP which is blood classification perfect, which will be resolved at the blood donation center. Utilization There are not many real explicit requirements for the utilization of FFP (Spence, et al, 2006). Generally FFP is utilized to treat â€Å"deficiencies of coagulation proteins where explicit factor concentrates are unavailable† (Hoffman, et al, 1990). Coagulation insufficiencies can happen in a wide range of clinical circumstances. These incorporate monstrous blood misfortune, medical procedure, and contamination or gained different coagulation factor inadequacies. Instances of FFP use: Substitution of detached factor lacks Inversion of Warfarin impacts Gigantic blood transfusion Antithrombin III insufficiency Treatment of immunodeficiency Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Treatment of Disseminated intravascular coagulation Substitution of separated factor insufficiency FFP can be utilized to warm inadequacies of components II, V, VII, IX, X and XI. It is possibly picked as a treatment when no particular segment treatment is accessible. Certain variables require an alternate haemostatic level, for instance; serious factor X lack just requires a factor level of around 10 percent. In this way FFP has a scope of achievement when rewarding element insufficiencies. Inversion of Warfarin impact On the off chance that a patient is being treated with Warfarin, they have been demonstrated to be inadequate in â€Å"functional nutrient K subordinate coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X† (Spence, et al, 2006). Typically nutrient K will be managed, anyway anticoagulated patients will be effectively dying, and in this way FFP can be utilized. Enormous blood transfusion The utilization of FFP as a treatment on enormous blood transfusion has expanded throughout the decades. Huge draining is characterized as â€Å"the loss of one blood volume inside 24 hours† or as â€Å"50 percent blood misfortune inside 3 hours† or a â€Å"bleeding pace of 150 ml/minute† (Lauzier, et al, 2007). It is shown for use in patients who have archived blood thickening variations from the norm after enormous blood misfortune and who are needing critical treatment. This is because of the way that in most crisis circumstances it is unsuitable to hang tight hours for lab results to be returned. Antithrombin III lack FFP is in some cases utilized as a wellspring of Antithrombin III in individuals who are insufficient of this inhibitor. Particularly if the patients are experiencing medical procedure or who use Heparin to treat apoplexy. Treatment of Immunodeficiency FFP has been utilized in youngsters and grown-ups with a humoral immunodeficiency as a wellspring of immunoglobulin. It is likewise here and there utilized for newborn children when parental sustenance is missing, and they are enduring with extreme protein losing enteropathy (Erber, et al, 2006). Treatment

Multiple Universes Essay -- Astronomy Research Science Essays

Different Universes For characters, I will expect that everybody comprehends, or possibly somewhat comprehends, the grave lack of clarity where quantum mechanics spins. Basically, similar to light, electrons are inferable from the characteristics of waves in which they display a kind of diffraction design brought about by the electrons meddling with one another, in this way, setting matter, at any rate infinitesimally, goes about as a wave (1). Consequently, it appears as if electrons don't follow a static example, however interface with the world powerfully in an increasingly probabilistic way. With a probabilistic perspective on the world there leaves space for the opportunity of other potential results inside our reality that could occur, taking into account a practical chance of different universes simultaneously happening. Hugh Everett III was the first to distribute a hypothesis on the idea of molecule wave concurrence prompting the chance of various universes coming about because of each conceivable molecule occasion making another world (2). Everett, at that point, could take care of the issue of Schrodinger’s feline taking into consideration the way that the feline lived and passed on yet in various universesâ€broadening the possibility of superposition. David Deutsch has brought a realist’s perspective to the Multiple Worlds Interpretation (MWI), clarifying that there is a substantial self (the self that we see) and a shadow self (the self that separates), and that the impedance made during the twofold cut trial occurs from the shadow and unmistakable going through the various cuts. Multiverses, in any case, branch from the MWI and set that every quantum change makes a fresh out of the box new huge explosion, clarifying how it’s workable for our reality to have had the six numbers perfe... .... Yet, the probability of such occasions is thin, since almost certainly, Earth will be decimated before we can think about such travel. Taking everything into account, multiverses are very energizing and intriguingâ€not just to researchers, however to laymen; one need just look at mainstream society to consider we to be a people are captivated with the conceivable outcomes. In any case, in all actuality, the science and truth of multiverses is a long way from concrete; so until we can acquire information, we should be content with our fantasies. Sources Cited: http://online.redwoods.cc.ca.us/DEPTS/science/chem/capacity/Schrod/ http://everythingforever.com/everett.htm http://www.csicop.org/si/2001-09/periphery watcher.html http://www.all-science-reasonable projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Multiverse http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/storage/6929/manyworld.html

Miscommunication Employment and Carl free essay sample

Carl should begin the applicant’s direction on June 15. By July 15, the fresh recruits ought to be in working status. Carl was reached by Monica on May 15 to guarantee he had manuals, preparing plan, direction, approach booklet, tranquilize test, and a progression of things took care of before the cutoff time. The after quite a while after Memorial Day, Carl went to the workplace, to ensure the entirety of the desk work for the new candidates was prepared for direction. When Carl was experiencing the records, he discovered things were not what it appeared. A few candidates didn't finish their applications, nor did they have their transcripts on document. Another issue was candidates were not sent to the obligatory medication testing facility. At long last the preparation room where Carl was going to hold is direction got reserved for that month he was going to hold preparing for recently recruited employees. There are a great deal of issues that ABC Inc ought to be accused, however Carl is liable for ensuring that all students are prepared for work. We will compose a custom exposition test on Miscommunication: Employment and Carl or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A large number of issues ought to have been maintained a strategic distance from. 15 learners are not all set on the following period of their recruiting due to lack of common sense. This organization has some poor correspondence issues; hence the recruiting procedure is messy and appears that issues possibly get fixed when they happen. In the event that even the organization itself has poor strategies, it doesn't mean Carl ought to observe poor measures. Carl ought to have had an agenda prepared on the off chance that the any issues would have happened, he could have fixed the issue. The company’s handbook is its staple. The manual speak to decides and values that laborers must follow. The direction manuals were missing pages out of the booklet. Accepting that everything in that manual is significant, ABC Inc. can't bear the cost of any pages to be missing. We should think back to see who got employed before the disclosure of the missing pages, to see who didn't get the data. Another issue is a deficiency of direction manuals. HR is generally in general accountable for this. There is a stock issue and work force accountable for keeping stock. Carl likewise found that candidates didn't finish their application. I think both Carl and ABC Inc. ought to be to blame for this. â€Å"If its never our flaw, we can't assume Liability for it. In the event that we can't assume Liability for it, well consistently be its casualty. † (Bach, R) If we never owe up to our own shortcoming then we can never take sensibility for our activities. Perhaps the most serious issue that happened was the medication screening process. This could be the most serious issues of the report. This is an obligatory advance, which requires all students to finish this procedure before they starts work. In the event that this progression is postponed or missed, it ends every single other advance. Agreeing to Yahoo business â€Å"If you have been on a pursuit of employment as of late, you may have seen that numerous businesses currently necessitate that you take a pre-work medicate test. You need to breeze through the medication assessment so as to gain the activity that you are looking for. Numerous individuals believe this is a superfluous advance for a business to take. Be that as it may, the business doesnt see it a similar way. † What are transcripts? As indicated by (Merriam-Webster) â€Å"Definition of TRANSCRIPT To a composed, printed, or composed copy;â especially:â a for the most part composed duplicate of directed or recorded material. † Personal desk work can be extremely touchy material when managing your organization. Missing transcripts show an absence of protections gives that can prompt issues on the two sides. Normally when this occurs, the individual accountable for that division ought to have been suspended or terminated. These models show how your organization handles its desk work. The most concerning issue is a need correspondence. Today we live in a correspondence based-society. There are a couple of thing that could have been done diverse to stay away from issues that this organization is having. ABC Inc. necessities to have the entirety of their data they give and get from representatives put away on an online database. For instance: if Carl finds that the worker manuals have missing pages, he could have downloaded them it from the webpage. Carl had to realize who finished the application. Online application for learners to round out is exceptionally valuable. He could go online from any PC to check. Any candidate who didn't finish the application, could have reached them on the spot to guarantee all applications are rounded out accurately. On the off chance that the organization didn't feel good with online database, they could go with an associate what will deal with the preparing desk work. You can't turn out badly in the event that you employ someone to make a particular showing, instead of stack everything on Carl’s plate. A pre-work sedate screening is a major issue since it is significance to have medicate free representative. There are two different ways to move toward this issue. First you can do in-house medicate testing. This is quickest and most straightforward approach to get results and know whether candidates took the medication screening directly on the recognize Another way you can get your medication pre-screening for representatives is redistributing at a nearby center. This strategy is somewhat more pricy however the testing procedure took care of by experts. The two strategies can't work on the off chance that you don't speak with the two gatherings. Carl found that a collaborator is consuming the preparation room a similar time he expected to prepare the new candidates during the direction. There are a couple of answers for this issue. One route is to utilize nearby lodging gathering rooms. You can hold a stay with just a multi day notice ahead of time. Another strategy like the arrangement is the site www. regus. com. Regus is an organization that has more than 4,500 gathering rooms across 600 urban communities in 100 nations so you can meet your clients in a helpful area. As per Regus. com. This is the best wagered when you need a gathering place set up in a modest quantity of time. It is significant that there is a zone where Carl can prepare new workers. Ensuring that they get the correct data before they go out to the work power. Carl not have a preparation room was significant and should have been tended to. In the wake of doing some examination I have pick the site www. regus. com. They have the most prepared accessible zones on the planet There was one principle reason I have decided to go with Regus over only a nearby inn gathering room. When you get the gathering room from the lodging, you despite everything need to stress over the materials in the room like Wi-Fi, whiteboard, etc†¦ Regus furnishes all of pleasantries with their meeting rooms. † This is the ideal answer for any very late arrangement required. Each issue that Carl had was because of an absence of correspondence. When he understood what wasn't right, he was adhered attempting to fix the issues. I recommend getting a colleague to keep Carl educated once something turned out badly. This is likewise a HR issue, so Carl ought to have called HR to deal with a portion of these issues. ABC Inc. needs work association, interchanges, and more faculty in the HR division. ABC’s is sloppy with their recruiting procedure. Certain means ought to be taken to tidy that division up and dispense with a great deal of disarray on the two closures. Possibly have someone to come in and redo the entire framework would be a decent recommendation. Whenever there is an absence of correspondence among Carl and Abc Inc. Carl will have reinforcement an arrangement. Interestingly, Carl can learn for this experience and proceed onward. This may be a wake call for Carl. ABC Inc probably won't be the organization Carl might want to work for after this. Be that as it may, for Carl, this is an exercise learned and ideally he will his this later on to improve descisions. Informative supplement Appendix A Here are a few realities and steps to set up in-house sedate testing as indicated by www. usscreeningsource. com â€Å"Developing your own in house medicate testing system can spare around half off your present lab charges! 1. Set up a composed substance misuse strategy Train your directors Educate your workers Consider giving an Employee Assistance Program 2. Execute a medication testing program 3. Instruct your workers â€Å" Appendix A Here is a few things www. regus. com organization offers. â€Å"You can mastermind our gathering spaces for a wide range of business events †pick a format that accommodates your gathering: * Boardroom â€â perfect for formal gatherings * Cabaret †extraordinary for collective working * Theater †for proficient introductions * Classroom †an agreeable instruction environmentâ * U-shape †empowers and energizes open conversation Or look over standard gathering rooms, loose however private meeting rooms or video correspondence suites. All gathering rooms are served by a committed help group and include: * FREE Internet * FREE Flipchart, whiteboard and markers * FREE Water * FREE Pads Plus phone with speakerphone work, cooking administrations accessible and utilization of a LCD projector and screen whenever required. † References 1. Richard Bach. (n. d. ). BrainyQuote. com. Recovered April 1, 2013, from BrainyQuote. com Web website: http://www. brainyquote. com/cites/cites/r/richardbac389113. html Read more at http://www. brainyquote. com/reference/cites/cites/r/richardbac389113. html#9JV

The Ultimate Guide to Invoice Management

The Ultimate Guide to Invoice Management Invoices have been around since 1670. The word is derived from Middle French origins and originally meant a “dispatch of goods”. Since its inception, the invoice has been recognized as an imperative part of any trade or business practice. Invoices have traditionally been paper based. As times changed and many businesses moved online, the invoice followed them. Many companies now use an online or e-invoice option to replace the long tradition of paper invoices. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, you will gain insights about: 1) invoices and invoice management, 2) how to  invoice your clients, 3) managing invoices from your suppliers, and 4) invoicing software.INTRODUCTION TO INVOICES AND INVOICE MANAGEMENTInvoicing is an essential part of any small business. An invoice operates similarly to a bill or a sales form. An invoice is the physical manifestation of a sales transaction which takes place between a buyer and a seller. It itemizes the product provided by one party and the price that the other party will pay for the product. It has become an imperative part of any business transaction. The invoice helps in the processes of placing an order, fulfilling an order, the delivery of the order and the final payment of the transaction.While the idea of an invoice is relatively simple, the invoice has involved to fit the needs of the changing business world. Today, a business may receive one of several different kinds of invoices .They may receive a proposal invoice that suggests how much a business will charge for the transaction.A business may also receive an interim invoice. An interim invoice will be a reminder of current charges and is often sent out regularly through long projects.Today, businesses also use recurring invoices for regular and frequent customers. Recurring invoices have benefited from the online revolution because they are now easily automated.If the payment for an invoice has not been received, a business can send out a past due invoice as a reminder of the overdue payment and any additional charges that have accrued.Finally, a business can send out a final invoice. This will usually be the last invoice that is received upon the completion of a transaction or project.If a business operates internationally, they may also have to issue commercial invoices, consular invoices and customs invoices.All of these invoices are designed specifically to ensure that the company is paying the correc t amount of tax and duty required when importing and exporting products.Invoices are a necessary part of business for two reasons. For the business providing the service, it is the customary and accepted method of requesting payment for goods or services. For a business receiving an invoice, it is a necessary part of the business because it helps keeps financial accounts current and credit ratings high. Invoice management is also an essential part of making tax payment easier for both parties.Invoices should be incorporated into an invoice management system. This system works two ways. The first way invoice management works is to ensure that the correct client receives the correct invoice in a timely manner. The second way invoice management works is to ensure that all of the invoices received from suppliers are organized, paid and noted in the appropriate accounting ledgers.HOW TO INVOICE YOUR CLIENTSCreating an InvoiceMany invoices will have a standard format. This format should a lways include essential company information such as the sender, receiver, invoice number, the list of services and the terms and conditions. The invoice should also always include the payment methods accepted. The following list contains the elements that should always be included on a standard invoice.HeaderBusinesses should always include a professional header on their invoices. The header will usually include basic information such as the business name and contact information. Mailing addresses, websites, email address and phone numbers associated with the business should be included.Client informationThe client’s information should always be included on the invoice. This is to ensure that the invoice goes to the correct client. It will also ensure that the invoice reaches the right hands when it arrives at its destination. The client information should be placed underneath the header and on the opposite side of the page.Invoice number and dateIncluding an invoice number on eac h invoice is essential for invoice management. It will help both the sender and the receiver of the invoice keep track of the number of invoices received. The way that an invoice is numbered can be varied. However, the invoices sent to one client should keep a uniform number system to avoid confusion.Including an invoice date is also an essential. Most agreements will include a payment date in their terms and conditions when they agree to a project. Including a payment date will help to ensure that the invoice is paid on time. Some research suggests that an invoice is eight times more likely to be paid on time when it includes a specific due date.Itemized list of servicesTo avoid disputes and confusion, each invoice should include an itemized list of services. The list should include the service performed and the date it was performed. It should also include the relevant quantity whether it was services completed, products sold or hours worked. Finally, the itemized list should incl ude the rate for each service. The itemized list should always be finished with the subtotal for the invoice.Terms and conditionsThe terms and conditions of the transaction will include several important points. If applicable, this section will include a return policy. It may also include a cancellation policy for both products and services. This section will also include the terms of payment. If the invoice must be paid within a certain period of time, it will be stated here. It will also outline any fees that may be incurred should the invoice be paid late.Payment methods acceptedThe invoice should be completed by outlining the payment methods accepted for the service. It should also detail how to make the payment. If payment is accepted through PayPal, the user’s PayPal ID should be included. If the payment is to be made through bank transfer then bank details should be included. It is important to note that the more payment methods a business accepts, the easier it will be for clients to pay the invoice in a timely manner.Setting up Payment TermsSetting up payment terms is one of the most fundamental parts of any sales transaction. It is important to set up the terms of payment during the negotiation of any work and certainly before any work begins. Small business owners should understand that their clients will ensure that their own bills are paid before they begin paying outside contractors. As a result, the average invoice submitted by a small business is paid two weeks late. After the terms and conditions of the deal are agreed to, certain facets of the agreement should be included on an invoice.Here are some of the essential things that should be included in the payment terms and conditions:The service or product provided: Businesses should always give clear details about exactly what service is being performed by the provider. Clear expectations and goals are essential for making sure that everyone is satisfied with the transaction.Timeline for the work: A schedule, calendar or timeline should be established for all work carried out. This should include a completion date as well as any milestones for longer projects. The timeline will also provide an indication of how often you should be invoicing the client.When the payment is due: The payment due date should be negotiated before the work begins. The payment due date may vary depending on the processes used by each party. It is important to find a compromise and ensure that it is noted in the contract.Guarantees: Any quality or manufacturing guarantees should be included in the payment terms. A guarantee promises that the product will meet certain standards. The guarantee helps to ensure that the customer receives the product that they expect. This will also include a course of action should the work or product not meet the client’s expectations.Regarding early termination of a contract: A significant number of contracts are terminated before the agreed finish date. Busine sses should always include a clause regarding terminated contracts. This will protect a business from significant loss of income.Tips for Making Sure Your Invoices Get PaidAn invoice is essentially a bill. Very few people enjoy receiving bills in any circumstance even if the product or service is necessary for daily operations. As a result, people often put bills to one side until they feel that they cannot put it off any longer. This makes it difficult for small businesses to get paid. However, there are things that businesses can do to speed up invoice processing times to ensure that they get paid faster.Invoice promptly to encourage prompt paymentThe sooner you send an invoice, the sooner you will get paid. It is a very simple concept. One of the best ways to get paid on time is to submit an invoice as soon as the work is completed.You should ensure that you schedule enough administrative hours in your work week to make sure that you do not fall behind on basic tasks like sending invoices.You should also ensure that your invoice is correct and includes all of the important details that were discussed above. If small mistakes are made or important details are missing, confusion or disputes will add weeks, potentially months, onto the invoice processing time.Be clear about payment terms from the startWhen you enter into an agreement with another business, be sure that your payment terms are crystal clear from the first day of work. If you expect to be paid two weeks after the project is complete, this should be stated directly. It will prevent any surprises for the client later and ensure that everyone knows what is expected of them.CommunicateYou should always communicate with the client. You should never assume that you know what is happening on the other side of the agreement.If you are waiting patiently for payment that simply is not arriving, you may try sending a polite email enquiring about the first invoice. You may then submit a second invoice if nec essary.Ensure that you are not combative in your communication about payments. It is best to be polite but firm when you are working to resolve issues surrounding missed or late payments.Be aware of or compliant with a customer’s processCertain customers may have firm payment processes set up in their businesses. You will occasionally have to be compliant with another organization’s accounting processes. You should be aware of these processes from the beginning of the project to avoid confusion later.Set up a subscription serviceA subscription service is a great way to automate invoices and payments for regular customers. This can speed up your processing times immensely.Offer accept more payment typesThe more ways that a client can pay you, the faster they will pay you. Accepting several different payment forms will help to make sure that the client does not have to go out of their way to pay you. Convenience is key in bill paying.Offer discounts for early paymentsOffering sma ll discounts for early payments is a strategic incentive to encourage customers to pay invoices in a timely manner. The discount does not need to be large. You could offer a 5% discount to successfully incentivize clients to prioritize paying your bill.Establish a rule to follow up after a certain period on an overdue invoiceYou may consider adding a late penalty to overdue payments. In some cases, this will encourage your clients to put your invoice at the top of the list to avoid paying more money than necessary.If you choose to use this tool, it should be included in your terms and conditions. You should never add on a late fee without the customer’s knowledge.Here you can find some additional insights on invoicing from a survey of 1,500 people.MANAGING INVOICES FROM YOUR SUPPLIERSThe second part of invoice management includes managing invoices that you receive from suppliers and outside contractors. This is a process that should be set up and enforced early in your business. M anaging your invoices is about more than just paying suppliers. A streamlined system will make paying taxes easier, help you avoid audits, keep your accounts balanced and keep your credit rating up.Collect and organize carefully any bills, receipts and invoices you get from your partners and suppliersAs soon as you receive any of these materials, they should be immediately put in a safe place where they are kept separate from any other mail. However, you should avoid separating different bills. Keep your insurance, utility and service bills all in one place so they are easy to find.There are several ways that you can organize your materials. If you operate on a paper-based system, they should all go into a dedicated basket, envelope or filing system.You may use a paper system and an integrated electronic organizational system. Keeping paper receipts is great but it takes up a lot of space in the office. Even the best paper systems often feel disorganized at certain points of the yea r. Instead, consider scanning and uploading all paper receipts and invoices and adding them to an electronic filing system.You can use several electronic tools to keep track of these bills. Google Docs is a free service that offers spreadsheets which are automatically backed up on Google Drive. You may also use dedicated accounting software like Quicken. There are also cloud-based accounting services that are dedicated to invoice management or expense management. The service you choose should always fit the needs of your business.Create a ledger systemWhether you use a traditional paper system or have switched to bookkeeping software, you will need to create and use a ledger system. The system will help you keep track of all of your revenues, expenses and any other financial information. This ledger system will not only keep you organized but it is also a crucial asset during tax season.Appoint certain days every week or month to pay billsAs a small business, you should be including administrative hours into your work Some of these hours must be dedicated to accounting and bill paying. The best way to ensure that these hours are not neglected is to schedule them into your work week on specific days each month. You should try to stick to this schedule as closely as you can.To help keep you accountable, consider adding administrative tasks into online productivity tools. Tools like Basecamp and Asana will allow you to keep all of the tasks related to your business organized and in on place. You can also use these services to send yourself reminders to complete these tasks.Record and keep track of the status of bills received and bills paidAs soon as you have paid a bill, you should immediately note the payment. Integrate this notation into your whole bill paying process so that you do not overlook any bills.INVOICING SOFTWAREIf you have reached a point in your business where you are producing many invoices, you need to be able to keep track of them both for your records and payments. Invoicing software will help you achieve this. There are many benefits of invoice management software including cutting administrative time and driving productivity.Improve the accuracy of each invoice and prevent disputes: Invoicing software is great for ensuring that calculations are done properly and that each invoice is filled out correctly. Simple errors will only encourage late payments.Save time by driving productivity: Online systems are designed for increasing productivity. The online system will remember client information as well as recurring projects. It also makes setting up automatic and recurring payments much easier.Professional templates: A professional and uniform template is suggested to encourage clients to pay invoices faster. A clean design and detailed information will tell your clients that you take all aspects of the business seriously.Keeps your office clean: Using an online system keeps everything organized automatically. This will c ut down clutter in your office. It will also allow you to find everything you need by entering a simple search term.When you send out invoices faster, you get paid faster: Everyone wants to be paid as quickly as possible. When you take advantage of an online invoicing system, you will be able to send invoices faster. Generally speaking, the sooner you ask for money, the sooner you will receive it.CONCLUSIONInvoice management is an essential part of any business. Whether you are sending or receiving invoices, it is important that you use an efficient and integrated system to make sure that you keep everything organized. The practice of invoice management has become much easier with the advent of online systems. Keeping your invoicing procedures streamlined will allow you to keep your finances up to date, protect your credit and pay taxes easier. When you stay on top of your bills, you can spend less time organizing paper and get back to business sooner.

STUDIES IN SMALL ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - 1375 Words

STUDIES IN SMALL ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT (Essay Sample) Content: STUDIES IN SMALL ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT By Name Course Instructor Institution Location Date Studies in Small Enterprise Financial Management Introduction Since business organizations comprise of different groups of stakeholders, it is vital for the management to consider the Agency theory in evaluating the relationships between the internal agents and the principals of the business. The approach is integral in suppressing poor performances that may result from the agents ill motives. Studies reveal the unpredictability of the agents' conducts through the application of the Agency theory. The argument is that the process of evaluating and ascertaining the agents' practices is expensive or difficult. In addition, the principal and the agent may presume to undertake different courses of actions whenever risks are present in the business environment. Therefore, the theory might fail to accrue relevant results to aid in asserting a lasting solution whenever such problems occur (Demiroglu James 2010, p. 3701). The argumentative evaluation of the Agency theory in the following study seeks to indicate the different methods that authors depic t as integral in suppressing the failures presented in the theory while trying to cordon the occurrence of risks. It is critical to understand the theory fails to deliver the desired resolutions to solve the principal-agent conflicts since it only enables one party to bear the vital information necessary to address the situation at hand. Studies indicate that the use of the Asymmetric Information in enhancing the Agency Theory's performance sets a basis to acquaint one party of an increased level of superiority over the other. Under such occasions, the theory fails to solve the conflicts since the party subjected to the situation engages the other to a conflict (CÃÆ' ©spedes, Gonzà ¡lez, Molina 2010, p. 154). In 1961, Miller and Modigliani adapted a precise solution to averting the harmful effects that emanates from the prevalence of such risks in the business place. However, arguments assert that their solutions served to ascertain the process by which dividends would be remitted to the shareholders. Further, the methods served to the advantage of the shareholders in any company since they would henceforth be capable of predicting the capital base (Li Zhu 2005, p. 1758). However, it has been realized that the method was inadequate in evaluating and ascertaining whether the executives' practices served to the interests of the shareholders and development of the company to achieve the set goals and objectives (Crabbe Hewlege 1994, 74). Jonathan Thomas evaluated the problems that are common in the business environment and ascertained that income fluctuations are likely to cause conflicts and affect principal-agent relationships. The scholar criticized the application of Asymmetric Information as an approach to evaluating the theory (Bolton Scharfstein 1990, p. 100). Through his study, it is known that the principals of the firm represent the risk à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"averse' borrowers while the agents or rather shareholders represent the risk neutral lenders. Hence, the application of the Asymmetric Information approach stirs conflicts between the parties at the extent that the shareholders are subjected to the principals' ill practices, and deem it necessary to address the situation before affecting the capital investments and profits. It is argued that the informative approach surveys the practices of one party over the other (Martimort Moreira 2010, p. 159). On the other hand, Patrick Bolton and David Scharfstein evaluated the business environment between principals and shareholders to firms, and amassed different results. The scholars argued out that Asymmetric Information is crucial in maintaining a firm's capital base and investors in the event of poor performance (Holm SchÃÆ' ¸ler 2010, p. 49). The researchers assume that the informative approach engages investors into a process of funding the prospective firms rather than abandoning them whenever faced by financial constraints. Critics from different researches indicate that the application of the Asymmetric Information approach yields short-term solutions as the contented group may be discontented in a different future event. The Lithograving approaches define various methods through which investors of small financial enterprises may learn of their principals' performances and react accordingly in order to secure the value of their equity. The methods argue out that investors can only evaluate the principals' conduct after evaluating the presented reports concerning the retained earnings over the issued dividends. However, neo-economics presume that the application of Perfect Information approach is integral to the implementation of actual judgments concerning situations over the Asymmetric Information approach (Lemmon Zender 2010, p. 2). Critically, the Agency Theory should present equated remedies to principals and agents in the event of conflicts, thus; the adoption of the Perfect Information approach as a mode of communication is capable of yielding accurate results over the Asymmetric approach. In the second account, the Lithograving approach argues out that the firms may retain owners' equity and dictate the extent at which the business may borrow from banks in order to restructure its capital base. Through such practices, the method enables the investors to realize that the firm seeks to prosper without incurring increased debts from the lending institutions (Armstrong, Guay, Weber, 2010, p. 179). On the contrary, investors may adapt the method as fraudulent and targeted to benefit the company's executives. Under such circumstances, the agents will react and injure the company's set of plans and objectives in the short and long run periods. Further, the Lithograving approach indicates that firms are capable of retaining owners' equity from stocks and capital gains to use them for financial purposes. It is obvious that conflicts will result from the application of such methods since investors will have different views and plans to spend or reinvest their earnings (Eisenhardt 1989, p. 58). Therefore, the Asymmetric Information presents the hidden actions and hidden information problems that restrain the principal from establishing the course of action that the investors are likely to react in the presence of Lith...

Qualitative Research Phenomenological Research - 767 Words

The 2012 study conducted by Vetter remains representative of a qualitative practitioner researched phenomenological case study. Qualitative research remains focused on meaning, understanding, and differences in kind rather than facts, knowing, and differences in degree (Shank, Brown, Pringle, 2014). Describing, clarifying, and interpreting lived experiences remains the objective of phenomenological studies (McMillan, 2015). As a component of the reflective process conducted by the practitioner, practitioner research remains designed to engender transformation, or effect policy in the field of practice (Jupp, 2006). Case study perspectives involve a limited group of participants, often focusing on one individual (Shank, Brown, Pringle, 2014). Qualitative researchers employ seven key methodological tools; observations, interviews, focus groups, material analysis, archive and historical records analysis, interpretive analysis, and participant observation. Qualitative methodological t ools employed by Vetter (2012) include participant observation, focus group, artifacts, interviews, and group discussions. Vetter (2012) noted the inadequacy of current research examining â€Å"teachers’ change process to better understand what professional spaces foster teachers as they construct their own transformation† (Vetter, 2012, p. 28). In this study, Vetter (2012) sought to answer â€Å"What was the change process of one teacher researcher as she engaged in a year-long practitioner researcherShow MoreRelatedPhenomenological: Qualitative Research and Research Methodology9542 Words   |  39 PagesChapter 4: Research methodology 74 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Phenomenology is the science that studies truth. 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