Doesn't need a topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Doesn't need a topic - Assignment Example This resulted in failure to attain social institutions reforms. The ideology of constitutionalism in Iran led to the transformation from a political imaginary to the social movement. However, the constitutionalism and transformation were obtained through certain discursive conditions, which brought about the emergence of a populist political movement. The movement unified an ensemble of forces with different demands, needs and aspirations. The increased contact with Europe had both positive and negative changes. The financial crisis in the 1870s rendered the Qajar regime to develop a policy of granting concessions to foreign companies and subjects. In 1872, the regime introduced the Reuter concession. The concession was granted to British subjects, Julius de Reuter, the seldom role to exploit all mines, collect the customs, build railways and the right to buy the needed land for a period of seventy-five years. The concession united forces and individuals whose positions and interests of power had been undermined by westernization (Gelvin, 2005). Iranian society opposed these measures by the Qajar regime since they reasoned that it was a real threat to the sovereignty of the country. The Tobacco concession was later granted to British companies. The concession granted the company the monopoly for the sale and marketing of tobacco for fifty years. This concession triggered extensive popular opposition from the Iranian elites. According to the opposition, the Tobacco concession was understood as a ‘selling out’ of the country and the ‘Islamic Millat’ to European, non-Muslim country. Tobacco movement was initiated by merchants with primary purposes of protesting against the complacency of clerics and the science in the face of â€Å"non-Muslim’s domination of Iran.† The cities such as Tabriz, Shiraz and Tehran developed the most prominent oppositions to the tobacco concession (Gelvin, 2005).

Time Management in Operations Management

Time Management in Operations Management Introduction Operations Management is vast in its functions and principles, and its application varies from organization to organization. As the years go by, competition becomes fierce, as those who have first hand experience of the markets conditions a few yearsago will testify. Success may only be achieved now through precise, time-based functions that are efficient as well as flexible in building a working relationship with customers. Global competition and advancements dictate that one must keep on their toes and innovate, to remain in the game. E-businesses are an example of the need of the times, a creative way to move businesses forward. Large scale organizations such as Wal-mart, FedEx or Starbucks all owe their success to their effective Operations Management functions. From the four tasks Discussion When it comes to efficiency and tiem management with respect to operations management, one of the first examples one can think of is the NASCAR races, and how efficiently the service pit crew uses their time. The first question of how a track race crew is able to manage a lot of tasks relating to the car in 17 seconds, where the same amount ofd working taking up to 3 days at Auto garages can be figured out in a few steps. First of all, race track cars are designed in a way that they are eay to take care of within the short amout of time that they stop by in the service pit. They are specifically designed in a way that allows the crew, which usually only consists of a few members, to maintain and check the car’s fuel, tune its engine, check on the gas tank and so on. Not only this, the crew members are given extensive training so that they may complete these tasks in record time. At an Auto dealer, not only does the crew have more than one car at a time to maintain, thy arenâ⠂¬â„¢t working on extreme deadlines or under severe pressure, as opposed to the track car crews. The race car crews spend al ot of effort into maximizing the efficiency of the functions needed to perform each of their designated tasks, so when time comes, they don’t waste a single second in their tasks, finishing in mere seconds. Hence, it can be concluded that time management as well as efficiency and practice in designated tasks provides the answer to this question. In the second scenario, the process of loading of the luggage in large passenger jets as opposed to smaller planes is questioned. Whether the organization be large scale or small, the operations management team’s task is to make sure their subordinates are well-versed in their designated tasks, so much so that they take minimum time in performing them That is why, in time consuming tasks, often teams are split up in ways that allow for each person to perform their tasks in the most efficient and least tiem consuming manner. With airlines, large passenger jets often have a lot more cargo space as well as seating, and the airline makes more money with the number of flights, as opposed to small planes that are more concerned with the number of passengers and often have limited luggage space and definite weight limits. Larger airplanes may cross their designated weight limits by a degree, but smaller aircraft often cannot take the risk. Apart from this, the loaders of both smaller and larger aircrafts know that their tasks are planned in a manner that could save more time and get the planes in the air, so they concentrate fully on being efficient with time management. The larger aircraft use aluminium containers because usually large aircraft are traveling further then smaller aircraft, hence passengers are likely to bring al ot more luggage with them as well. The question relating to fashion goods and the manufacturing of sweaters without color produced till orders are placed relays to the function of predictive marketing management. In the fashion industry, a lot of different perspectives come together to decide what the flavor of the month will be, and it makes perfect sense for the manufacturers to not add color till they’re certain of the orders. The market for fashion related products is multi-faceted and needs proper deliberation in order to come to a conclusion. Not only does the sweater manufacturers decision to hold back color save a lot of cost, but it also diminishes the risk of returned orders. The manufacturers may save face infront of the customers as well, and no funds need to be wasted. Some may argue that due to this sort of rationalization, these particular manufacturers may fall behind when it comes to their competitors but the advantages outweigh the difficulties that may be faced with this decision. For instanc e, the decision helps avoid the implications of buying merchandise and making it work deliberately, when rules of fashion dictate that it may not. Apart from this, certain contract hold that merchandise once bought must be insured, and kept with the distributor for an indeterminate period of time. Besides this, had the manufacturer not taken this prerogative, they would most probably end up at the mercy of the supplier, as ordering colors before knowning the demand would mean that the manufacturer cannot back out of their agreement. The only way to avoid the situation is to do guesswork as to what the fashions may be during particular seasons, or use standardized merchandise, so that there is no risk of the competition moving ahead while the the particular anufacturers get left behind. The next question based on the time management of insurance companiesi n lieu of casualty claims can be answered by relating to the earlier questions. The tim management aspect is important for the insurance company which can handle emergency casualty claims within 30 minutes as opposed to spending three weeks on a similar claim. A hurricane site where an accident has taken place is likely to demand more attention than one where no one is in immediate danger. The designated team and their grasp of individual tasks is again the most important part of this issue as well. Operation management principles dictate that all utility personnel need to believe in the importance of timely maintenance, scheduling and planning, but also be aware of up-front time and effort that is required in expert cases. A group of workers that is small in numbers but efficient in the management of their tasks will most kilely be able to handle emergency claims in a timely fashion, without requiring pre-requisi te planning/scheduling in these cases. In the cases that require a quick wit, office politics, job division issues, initial paper work or constant upgrading of claims are avoided as well, which means a good organizational plan is made to work along with the problem. Conclusions In operations management, the principles are clear and to the point, requiring employees to be well-versed in their indicidual tasks if they are to achieve maximum workability. They are principles that have worked for generations of organizations, and have set firm values on the worth of planning ahead, time management, scheduling and accountability. It can be safely concluded that wit the use of such principles, maximum utilization of work-force is possible, with effective and efficient results that are time-tested and secure. Resource Assignment Plan and Matrix For Proposed Data Entry Project Activity # Project Activity / Deliverable Core work team Client Sponsor Client IT Director Client Coordinator IT Client Coordinator SAMPLE HOSPITAL CareTech Project Manager CPOE Vendor Project Manager Training / User Support Client I.T. Technical Leads Physician Consultant Integration / Interface Team Process Mapping Analyst Project Initiation Deliverables 1 Statement of Work / Contracts A P R R R P R 2 Project Management Plan / Charter I A A I I P R R I I R R 3 Scope Change Decisions A R R R R R R R R R R 4 Detailed Project schedule A A A I I P P I I I I R 5 Resource Assignment Matrix A R I I P I S I I S R 6 Communications plan I A P P P S S I R Project Managing Deliverables 7 Cost Management I A P S S S I S 8 Meeting agendas and minutes I A P P P I R I I R R 9 Issues log and management I R A P P P I R I I R R 10 Risk worksheet and management I R A P P P I R I I R R 11 Status reports R R A P P P I R I R R R System Design Requirements Deliverables 13 Review/Revise Business / Workflow Policies and Processes I R R A R S I R P 14 Systems Design Flow of physician functions I R R A R S I R P 15 Systems Design Flow of ancillary functions I R R A R S I R P 16 Interface Requirements / Design A R R R S R P Planning Deliverables 17 Marketing Plan P A S S S R S S I 18 Benchmark /measurement plan P A S S S R R I 19 System Testing Plan P A A A S I R I I S 20 Acceptance Test Plan P A A A S I R I I I 21 Training / User Support Plan A S S S S I P R I S 22 Implementation plan P A A S S S I I I I I S 23 Vendor product support plan R R A R R R P I R R R Development Deliverables 24 Install Hardware Software R A S R S P R 25 Install and Configure Application SW R A P S R P R 26 Establish Network Connectivity R A P R 27 Interface Development and Testing R A S S R P R R P Go Live Deliverables 28 System Testing S A A P P S P R S I S 29 Acceptance Testing Approval S A A P P S S R S S 30 Ongoing support of application components A A P P S P R S S P Primary preparer A Approve S Support I Provide Input R Review References Wild, J. (2007) Fundamental Accounting Principles. McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 18 edition p. 387. Naylor, J. (2002), Introduction to Operations Management, Financial Times Management, pp.120-231 Collier, D.A.,(2007), Operations Management: Goods, Service, and Value Chains, South-Western Publications, pp.11-129 Stevenson, W. (2008), Operations Management, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, pp.143- 201

Classification of Psychic Experiences Essay -- Classification Essays

Classification of Psychic Experiences Generally speaking, psychic experiences which deal with receiving information from an outside source, either living or passed on can be classified into the following categories: psychometry, telepathy, clairvoyance, clairaudience, automatic writing and channeling. Two more psychic techniques, assumption and projection, deal with transferring the personality to a remote location. Psychometry is the art of receiving information about someone by touching an object commonly carried by that person such as a key chain or jewelry. The scope of this paper does not include explaining how psychometry, or any other psychic art is performed, but they do work. I once held someone's keys, closed my eyes and waited for images to appear. Nothing happened. I was miffed and stopped trying to get an image. Then my hands started to itch and suddenly in my mind's eye, I saw boxes being stacked up to form a wall. The man whose keys I was holding was a mason. Another time, I held a woman's ring, closed my eyes and immediately my throat closed up, my chest caught fire and I couldn't breathe. I snapped myself out of it and found that the woman had serious respiratory problems. Her ring was extremely hot when I handed it back to her. These two people were complete strangers I partnered with at a psychic workshop. Psychometry does work, though it may not work all the time, o r work for everyone. Telepathy is more loosely defined. In general, telepathy is a method of receiving information about someone. Telepathy is different from psychometry in that an object is not used. The information pertains to past, present or future events. The way it is transmitted can be visual, as with clairvoyance,... ...g. The CIA became interested because they wanted to know what the Soviets were up to and so they funded the graduates' work for twenty years. Eventually, the CIA stopped funding them and the grad students dabbled in the commodities market. Once again they met with success in eleven out of eleven tries. When asked why they didn't continue and become billionaires, they answered that their remote viewing talents gave them peace of mind, and somehow making money on their talent didn't seem quite right and so they stopped. They are still active in their research at Stanford. This essay is by no means a conclusive discourse on the variety of psychic phenomena present in the world. Other fascinating abilities exist including everything from telekinesis, raising objects, to raising the dead. That, at least, is one psychic gift no one is practicing at the moment.

Childhood Obesity in America

Childhood Obesity in America Ashford University English Composition II ENG 122 Professor Harmon June 4, 2012 Childhood Obesity in America Childhood obesity is an important issue because of the shocking magnitude that this disease has reached in the past few years. Compared to other threats to children's health, childhood obesity has begun to rise tremendously. Certain genetic factors paired with changing lifestyles and cultures have produced children who are generally not as healthy as people were just a few decades ago.According to Berg (2004), 15% of American children are overweight – three times as many as thirty years ago – and another 15% are at risk for overweight. The treatment and prevention of childhood obesity are considered the responsibility of individual children and their parents. Parents of obese children are left in a difficult position of fearing for the social and health consequences of their child's obesity, and fighting a losing battle against the po werful presence of the media and constant exposure to unhealthy foods.It has been said that breastfeeding protects children from being obese or overweight; many people believe that â€Å"establishing healthy dietary behaviors must begin early in childhood. Mothers need education and support in healthy feeding and mealtime practices as part of a multi strategy response that targets early feeding as one potentially modifiable approach† (Horodynski, Baker, Coleman, Auld, & Lindau, 2011, p. 582. ) Whether breastfeeding is protecting against the increase of children who are overweight and obese remains a topic of dispute.Although a number of evidence indicates that breastfeeding lowers the risk of obesity, these results are by no means final. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) states, in the United States, while 75% of mothers start out breastfeeding, only 13% of babies are exclusively breastfed at the end of 6 months. Does that mean that at the age of 6 months c hildren are already falling into the category of being overweight? Many studies have been done, one in particular where â€Å"nearly 300,000 participants, showed that breastfeeding consistently reduced risks for overweight and obesity.The greatest protection is seen when breastfeeding is exclusive (no formula or solid foods) and continues for more than three months† (California WIC Association, 2006, p. 2. ) The California WIC Association states that there are several possible reasons for the protective effect of breastfeeding against obesity, they are: ? Breastfed infants may be better at self-regulating their intake. Mothers can’t see how much milk their child is drinking, so they must rely on their infant’s behavior, not an empty bottle, to signal when their infant is full. Thus, breastfed babies might be better able to eat only as much as they need. Breastfed infants are more likely than formula-fed infants to try and to accept new foods. Acceptance of new f oods is important because a healthy diet should include a wide variety of foods, especially fruits and vegetables. Because breast milk contains flavors from foods eaten by the mother, breastfed infants are exposed to a variety of tastes very early in life. In contrast, infant formula always tastes the same. ? Breastfeeding has different effects than formula feeding on infants’ metabolism and on hormones such as insulin, which tells the body to store fat.Formula-fed infants tend to be fatter than breastfed infants at 12 months of age. Other studies have shown that breast milk is more digestible then formula and that is why breastfeeding is better. According to Eiger (1999), in recent year’s nutritionists have voiced concern about overly high levels of protein in the American diet. Since cow's milk contains about twice as much protein as human milk, formula-fed babies usually receive more protein than they need (much of it in the form of the less digestible casein).The s tools of formula-fed babies are so bulky because the babies cannot absorb so much protein, and excrete the excess in their stool, whereas breast-fed babies absorb virtually 100% of the protein in human milk. According to the CDC, â€Å" reports that the percentage of young people in the U. S. considered overweight has more than tripled since 1980. There has been a corresponding rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, a disease linked to overweight and obesity and once seen only rarely in children and teens. It is now widely accepted that being breastfed elps protect babies from becoming overweight or obese later in life† (WEBMD, 2006, para. 5. ) Although there have been several researches and studies done, there is still no proof that breastfeeding can help reduce the risk of childhood obesity. A year later more research was done with roughly 35,000 participants. The conclusion to that research was that there was no link at all to breastfeeding and childhood obesity. Althou gh breastfeeding protects a child from many things very early in life, it does not seem to protect against obesity through adolescence to adulthood.Boyels (2007) states that breastfeeding is certainly encouraged, and has many positive consequences for both mother and child. But it should not be promoted as a solution for either the childhood or adult obesity epidemic. Because of the lack of information linking breastfeeding to obesity, it is now said that the cause for obese and overweight children is lack of physical activity, lack of healthy foods in schools, advertising of unhealthy foods on television and billboards, limited access to healthy affordable foods, and limited access to safe places for children to play.Childhood obesity became a very important issue many years ago when the number of obese children rose. It has been said that, â€Å"among children and adolescents ages 2 to 19, obesity tripled between 1980 and 2002 and more currently when First Lady Michelle Obama unv eiled the White House Child Obesity Task Force action plan: Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity Within a Generation. In the view of most doctors, these statistics are cause for concern because obesity is generally associated with increased risks for many diseases as well as premature death† (â€Å"Obesity Epidemic†, 2010, para. . ) All of these health risks can be avoided if parents would communicate with their children about what they should and should not be eating. Children learn from their parents about what to eat and why it is important to eat certain foods. Breastfeeding is important to form a bond between mother and child, there have been many studies done to try and prove that breastfeeding a baby will help reduce the risk of obesity but all have come up with different results.There are several solutions to this epidemic, parent need to talk with their children about what foods are good foods and what bad foods are, fruits are always a good choice and some thing that children love. Allot all children to a certain amount of TV time, 1 to 2 hours max, too much television is bad and allows them to just sit around doing nothing. Allow children to run around and play, inside or outside, exercise is a good thing. Many children do not get enough exercise which contributes to obesity. Look into healthier foods at schools and child care centers.This is where children spend a majority of their time. It is important that they have good, healthy foods to choose from. Lastly give children water instead of sugary drinks. Along with the recommendation previously listed and many listed online, there are many ways to help with the prevention of obesity. Berg (2004) stated that the seven sound and simple guidelines for raising healthy weight children are: 1. Normalize activity 2. Normalize eating 3. Balance sound nutrition 4. Feel good about oneself 5. Communicate feelings 6. Feel good about others . Balance the dimensions of wellness Following seven s imple guidelines can help reduce overweight and obese children from becoming overweight and obese adults. Although obesity impacts lot’s of people’s lives in today’s society, seeing people pass away from a preventable disease like obesity, in a world full of motivation and exercise is heart breaking. Living a healthy, fulfilling life style is important to a person’s well being. All parents need to work together to decrease the number of obese children before this epidemic gets worse.Obesity in children is a very serious issue and should not be taken lightly; many people do not take this issue as serious as they should be. Whether it is breastfeeding a baby or feeding a child the right foods, adults need to fulfill their jobs as parents towards their children. That means being a good role model for all children at all times. Children need to be taught and shown how to live a healthy lifestyle so they do not have to worry about having any health conditions now or in the future. The only people that can help these children are their parents.Every day the number of obese children increases, it is a sad but true statement. But by following the appropriate steps and working together with children, the childhood obesity rate will slowly but surely go down. A child’s health should be the number one priority in every family’s life. It is important to eat properly and exercise, a child’s life could depend on it. When it comes down to it, breast-feeding could have a slight effect against obesity and that is supported by the epidemics evidence, but all of the research and data are still controversial.Since breastfeeding has many benefits, no bad effects, and has no cost, it may signify a new and efficient way to satisfy the dramatically rising occurrence of obesity in the United States and elsewhere. However, its effects against childhood obesity still have to be confirmed and clarified. Till then it is the parent’s responsibility to communicate and educate their children. References Berg, F. M. (2004). Underage & Overweight: America’s Childhood Obesity Crisis – What Every Family Needs to Know. Eating Disorders, 497-499. oi: 10. 1080/10640260500297333 Boyles, S. (2007). Breastfeeding and Later Obesity. Retrieved from http://www. webmd. com/parenting/baby/news/20070424/breastfeeding-and-later-obesity California WIC Association. (2006). www. calwic. org Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). www. cdc. gov/obesity/childhood/problem. html Eiger, E. S. , & Olds, S. W. (1999). The Complete Book of Breastfeeding. New York, NY: Workman Publishing Co. , Inc.. Horodynski, M. A. , Baker, S. , Coleman, G. , Auld, G. , & Lindau, J. (2011).The Healthy Toddlers Trial Protocol: An Intervention to Reduce Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity in Economically and Edcationally Disadvantaged Populations. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 581-587. doi: 10. 1186/1471-2458-11-581 Obesity Epidemic. (2010 ). In Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices.. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/sharpecw/obesity_epidemic U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n. d. ). aspe. hhs. gov/health/reports/child_obesity/ – 26k WEBMD. (2006). http://www. webmd. com/parenting/baby/news/20060926/breastfed-babies-less-overweight

Barrack Obama

Barrack Obama is going to be one of the great leaders that America ever have in its history. He is going to rejuvenate the country and bringing it back to life. His dynamic leadership will infuse a new spirit of hope into it. Presently America is faced with myriad of problems on various fronts and a very vibrant leadership is required to bring it back on the track towards progress. Barrack Obama is the man who can do all this efficiently. He has declared in his speeches that he is going to end the war in Iraq and this way he is going to plug the drain on the huge budgetary spending on this intensely disturbing and money-wasting war.I will also vote for him for the reason that he is going to bring our boys back from the unkind soil of Iraq. His economic policy are sustainable and have human element in them. He says that he believes in â€Å"an economy that honors the dignity of work. † (Democratic Convention Speech, 2008) He also does not believe in conventional racial theories prorogated by earliest Afro-American leaders and looks forward for homogeneous society. (Race Speech, 2008)I will vote for barrack Obama because he has said that he is going to finish Al-qaeda hideouts in Afghanistan and that he will crush them to death even if he has to enter into the land of Pakistan. He said in this regard: â€Å"The first step must be getting off the wrong battlefield in Iraq, and taking the fight to the terrorists in Afghanistan and Pakistan. † (Obama, 2007) On the front of economy for the reason that eight years of George Bush and his party’s rule has just given birth to unemployment, budgetary deficit and a big pile of loans. The image of my country has also been tarnished greatly because of their policies.So I don’t want that party to have another four years in the presidential office. The speeches of barrack Obama has made me very optimistic that when Obama will enter into the presidential office he will, by strong, vibrant and meaning ful steps, uplift the economy and put it on the tack towards success and development. All above-mentioned arguments clearly manifest that Obama is a right selection to be voted as next U. S. president in these hard times as he is determined and devoted toward the cause of democratic world which is less prone to terrorism. He agenda is not only American but is universal in nature. Works CitedObama, Barak. Remarks of Senator Obama: The War We Need to Win. 20 January, 2008. Retrieved on 08 September 2008. Available at: http://www. barackobama. com/2007/08/01/the_war_we_need_to_win. php Obama, Barak. Barack Obama Democratic Convention Speech. The Huffington Post. August 28, 2008. Retrieved on 08 September 2008. Available at:

Definition and Examples of Word Boundaries

Definition and Examples of Word Boundaries In writing, word boundaries are conventionally represented by spaces between words. In speech, word boundaries are determined in various ways, as discussed below. Related Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms Assimilation and DissimilationConceptual MeaningConnected SpeechIntonationMetanalysisMondegreenMorpheme and PhonemeOronymsPausePhonetics and PhonologyPhonological WordProsodySegment and SuprasegmentalSlip of the EarSound Change Examples of Word Boundaries When I was very young, my mother scolded me for flatulating by saying, Johnny, who made an odor? I misheard her euphemism as who made a motor? For days I ran around the house amusing myself with those delicious words. (John B. Lee, Building Bicycles in the Dark: A Practical Guide on How to Write. Black Moss Press, 2001I could have sworn I heard on the news that the Chinese were producing new trombones. No, it was neutron bombs. (Doug Stone, quoted by Rosemarie Jarski in Dim Wit: The Funniest, Stupidest Things Ever Said. Ebury, 2008As far as input processing is concerned, we may also recognize slips of the ear, as when we start to hear a particular sequence and then realize that we have misperceived it in some way; e.g. perceiving the ambulance at the start of the yam balanced delicately on the top . . ..  (Michael Garman, Psycholinguistics. Cambridge University Press, 2000 Word Recognition The usual criterion for word recognition is that suggested by the linguist Leonard Bloomfield, who defined a word as a minimal free form. . . .The concept of a word as a minimal free form suggests two important things about words. First, their ability to stand on their own as isolates. This is reflected in the space which surrounds a word in its orthographical form. And secondly, their internal integrity, or cohesion, as units. If we move a word around in a sentence, whether spoken or written, we have to move the whole word or none of itwe cannot move part of a word.(Geoffrey Finch, Linguistic Terms, and Concepts. Palgrave Macmillan, 2000)[T]he great majority of English nouns begins with a stressed syllable. Listeners use this expectation about the structure of English and partition the continuous speech stream employing stressed syllables.(Z.S. Bond, Slips of the Ear. The Handbook of Speech Perception, ed. by David Pisoni and Robert Remez. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005) Tests of Word Identification Potential pause: Say a sentence out loud, and ask someone to repeat it very slowly, with pauses. The pauses will tend to fall between words, and not within words. For example, the / three / little / pigs / went / to / market. . . .Indivisibility:  Say a sentence out loud, and ask someone to add extra words to it. The extra item will be added between the words and not within them. For example, the pig went to market might become the big pig once went straight to the market. . . .Phonetic boundaries:  It is sometimes possible to tell from the sound of a word where it begins or ends. In Welsh, for example, long words generally have their stress on the penultimate syllable . . .. But there are many exceptions to such rules.Semantic units:  In the sentence Dog bites vicar, there are plainly three units of meaning, and each unit corresponds to a word. But language is often not as neat as this. In I switched on the light, the has little clear meaning, and the single action of switchin g on involves two words.​(Adapted from The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., by David Crystal. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Explicit Segmentation [E]xperiments in English have suggested that listeners segment speech at strong syllable onsets. For example, finding a real word in a spoken nonsense sequence is hard if the word is spread over two strong syllables (e.g., mint in [mÇ€ntef]) but easier if the word is spread over a strong and a following weak syllable (e.g., mint in [mÇ€ntÉ™f]; Cutler Norris, 1988).The proposed explanation for this is that listeners divide the former sequence at the onset of the second strong syllable, so that detecting the embedded word requires recombination of speech material across a segmentation point, while the latter sequence offers no such obstacles to embedded word detection as the non-initial syllable is weak and so the sequence is simply not divided.Similarly, when English speakers make slips of the ear that involve mistakes in word boundary placement, they tend most often to insert boundaries before strong syllables (e.g., hearing by loose analogy as by Luce and Allergy) or delet e boundaries before weak syllables (e.g., hearing how big is it? as how bigoted?; Cutler Butterfield, 1992).These findings prompted the proposal of the Metrical Segmentation Strategy for English (Cutler Norris, 1988; Cutler, 1990), whereby listeners are assumed to segment speech at strong syllable onsets because they operate on the assumption, justified by distributional patterns in the input, that strong syllables are highly likely to signal the onset of lexical words. . . .Explicit segmentation has the strong theoretical advantage that it offers a solution to the word boundary problem both for the adult and for the infant listener. . . .Together these strands of evidence motivate the claim that the explicit segmentation procedures used by adult listeners may in fact have their origin in the infants exploitation ofrhythmic structure to solve the initial word boundary problem.​(Anne Cutler, Prosody and the Word Boundary Problem. Signal to Syntax: Bootstrapping from Speech t o Grammar in Early Acquisition, ed. by James L. Morgan and Katherine Demuth. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1996)

The Milgaard Case essays

The Milgaard Case essays If one was asked to think of one phrase to describe the Milgaard case the only phrase which would be suitable and appropriate would be the old saying at the wrong place, at the wrong time. Mr. Milgaards whole case revolves around those words. His trial is one full of corruption, misleading and dishonesty by the people and system that we trust in daily. It is an example of a misidentify and the incapability of the justice system to provide the Mr. Milgaard with a fair and equal trial since the beginning of this On January 30, 1969, a 16 year old David Milgaard decided to take a road trip accompanied by his friends Ron Wilson and Nicholl John. Their trip would take them from Regina to other destinations in the west part of Canada. It was also decided that they would stop in Saskatoon to visit Milgaards friend Albert Cadrain. In the early hours of January 31 the trio arrived at Saskatoon looking for the Cadrain house. None knew the city well and although Milgaard had visited his friend before he could only remember certain vantage points. Around 7:00 am, they arrived at a motel where they asked the manager for directions to Alberts house. However, shortly after, they became stuck in an alley way and took shelter in Mr. Walter Danchuks house, the owner of the car that they had been stuck behind. They arrived at Alberts house around 9:00 am and then spend the rest of the day waiting for their car to be fixed. After their car had been fixed they set out once again in their trip. On the same day, roughly at 8:30 am the stabbed and sexually assaulted body of nursing assistant Gail Miller was found a block from Alberts house in an alley way. When the group returned to Regina, Albert was arrested for vagrancy. He was questioned by the police and initially denied any connection by him or the others to the Saskatoon murder. Howev...

Biography of Charles Dickens, English Novelist

Biography of Charles Dickens, English Novelist Charles Dickens (February 7, 1812–June 9, 1870) was a popular English novelist of the Victorian era, and to this day he remains a giant in British literature. Dickens wrote numerous books that are now considered classics, including David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and Great Expectations. Much of his work was inspired by the difficulties he faced in childhood as well as social and economic problems in Victorian Britain. Fast Facts: Charles Dickens Known For: Dickens was the popular author of Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and other classics.Born: February 7, 1812 in Portsea, EnglandParents: Elizabeth and John DickensDied: June 9, 1870 in Higham, EnglandPublished Works: Oliver Twist (1839), A Christmas Carol (1843), David Copperfield (1850), Hard Times (1854), Great Expectations (1861)Spouse: Catherine Hogarth (m. 1836–1870)Children: 10 Early Life Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsea, England. His father had a job working as a pay clerk for the British Navy, and the Dickens family, by the standards of the day, should have enjoyed a comfortable life. But his fathers spending habits got them into constant financial difficulties. When Charles was 12, his father was sent to debtors prison, and Charles was forced to take a job in a factory that made shoe polish known as blacking. Life in the blacking factory for the bright 12-year-old was an ordeal. He felt humiliated and ashamed, and the year or so he spent sticking labels on jars would be a profound influence on his life. When his father managed to get out of debtors prison, Charles was able to resume his sporadic schooling. However, he was forced to take a job as an office boy at the age of 15. By his late teens, he had learned stenography and landed a job as a reporter in the London courts. By the early 1830s, he was reporting for two London newspapers. Early Career Dickens aspired to break away from newspapers and become an independent writer, and he began writing sketches of life in London. In 1833 he began submitting them to a magazine, The Monthly. He would later recall how he submitted his first manuscript, which he said was dropped stealthily one evening at twilight, with fear and trembling, into a dark letter box, in a dark office, up a dark court in Fleet Street. When the sketch hed written, titled A Dinner at Poplar Walk, appeared in print, Dickens was overjoyed. The sketch appeared with no byline, but soon he began publishing items under the pen name Boz. The witty and insightful articles Dickens wrote became popular, and he was eventually given the chance to collect them in a book. Sketches by Boz first appeared in early 1836, when Dickens had just turned 24. Buoyed by the success of his first book, he married Catherine Hogarth, the daughter of a newspaper editor. He settled into a new life as a family man and an author. Rise to Fame Sketches by Boz was so popular that the publisher commissioned a sequel, which appeared in 1837. Dickens was also approached to write the text to accompany a set of illustrations, and that project turned into his first novel, The Pickwick Papers, which was published in installments from 1836 to 1837. This book was followed by Oliver Twist, which appeared in 1839. Dickens became amazingly productive. Nicholas Nickleby was written in 1839, and The Old Curiosity Shop in 1841. In addition to these novels, Dickens was turning out a steady stream of articles for magazines. His work was incredibly popular. Dickens was able to create remarkable characters, and his writing often combined comic touches with tragic elements. His empathy for working people and for those caught in unfortunate circumstances made readers feel a bond with him. As his novels appeared in serial form, the reading public was often gripped with anticipation. The popularity of Dickens spread to America, and there were stories told about how Americans would greet British ships at the docks in New York to find out what had happened next in Dickens latest novel. Visit to America Capitalizing on his international fame, Dickens visited the United States in 1842 when he was 30 years old. The American public was eager to greet him, and he was treated to banquets and celebrations during his travels. In New England, Dickens visited the factories of Lowell, Massachusetts, and in New York City he was taken to the see the Five Points, the notorious and dangerous slum on the Lower East Side. There was talk of him visiting the South, but as he was horrified by the idea of slavery he never went south of Virginia. Upon returning to England, Dickens wrote an account of his American travels which offended many Americans. A Christmas Carol In 1842, Dickens wrote another novel, Barnaby Rudge. The following year, while writing the novel Martin Chuzzlewit, Dickens visited the industrial city of Manchester, England. He addressed a gathering of workers, and later he took a long walk and began to think about writing a Christmas book that would be a protest against the profound economic inequality he saw in Victorian England. Dickens published A Christmas Carol in December 1843, and it became one of his most enduring works. Dickens traveled around Europe during the mid-1840s. After returning to England, he published five new novels: Dombey and Son, David Copperfield, Bleak House, Hard Times, and Little Dorrit. By the late 1850s, Dickens was spending more time giving public readings. His income was enormous, but so were his expenses, and he often feared he would be plunged back into the sort of poverty he had known as a child. Later Life Epics/Getty Images Charles Dickens, in middle age, appeared to be on top of the world. He was able to travel as he wished, and he spent summers in Italy. In the late 1850s, he purchased a mansion, Gads Hill, which he had first seen and admired as a child. Despite his worldly success, though, Dickens was beset by problems. He and his wife had a large family of 10 children, but the marriage was often troubled. In 1858, a personal crisis turned into a public scandal when Dickens left his wife and apparently began a secretive affair with actress Ellen Nelly Ternan, who was only 19 years old. Rumors about his private life spread. Against the advice of friends, Dickens wrote a letter defending himself, which was printed in newspapers in New York and London. For the last 10 years of his life, Dickens was often estranged from his children, and his relationships with old friends suffered. Though he hadnt enjoyed his tour of America in 1842, Dickens returned in late 1867. He was again welcomed warmly, and large crowds flocked to his public appearances. He toured the East Coast of the United States for five months. He returned to England exhausted, yet continued to embark on more reading tours. Though his health was failing, the tours were lucrative, and he pushed himself to keep appearing onstage. Death Dickens planned a new novel for publication in serial form. The Mystery of Edwin Drood began appearing in April 1870. On June 8, 1870, Dickens spent the afternoon working on the novel before suffering a stroke at dinner. He died the next day. The funeral for Dickens was modest, and praised, according to a New York Times article, as being in keeping with the democratic spirit of the age. Dickens was accorded a high honor, however, as he was buried in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey, near other literary figures such as Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser, and Dr. Samuel Johnson. Legacy The importance of Charles Dickens in English literature remains enormous. His books have never gone out of print, and they are widely read to this day. As the works lend themselves to dramatic interpretation, numerous plays, television programs, and feature films based on them continue to appear. Sources Kaplan, Fred. Dickens: a Biography. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Tomalin, Claire. Charles Dickens: a Life. Penguin Press, 2012.

My leadership philosophy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

My leadership philosophy - Personal Statement Example Just like what President Harry Truman affirmed in his speech entitled "A Public Man Must Live in the Present†, he believed that â€Å"the fundamental basis for a happy life with family and friends is to treat others as you would like to be treated, speak truthfully, act honorably and keep commitments to the letter† (Truman par. 2). This principle likewise applies to subordinates and colleagues, alike. In carrying out one’s responsibilities, one must be aware that leaders must have the ability to understand, not only the scope of one’s duties. Thus, leaders do not only have the obligation to carry out the responsibilities explicitly defined in their professional portfolio; more so, leaders should have the innate skills and genuine commitment to ensure that the responsibilities that must be carried out by his or her followers, must be duly accomplished, with proper motivation, guidance, direction, coaching, and mentoring strategies, which would facilitate and encourage them, wholeheartedly, to achieve. My priorities are also my commitment to undertake my responsibilities in the organization which I serve; and also to act and behave according to ethical, moral, and legal standards. I was influenced and strongly affected by the words from John McCain, in his speech on "The Virtues of the Quiet Hero" as he emphasized that he believes in life encompass service, honor, and faith – where faith was expressly disclosed to be a unifying force: "a faith that bridges unbridgeable gaps in humanity.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Project Management - Essay Example The starting point is where the concept of a project is developed, a core concept to begin the project with. Ending time is where the project is finalized after meeting up all of its planned objectives. In case of uncompleted project, project is being terminated. 3. Unique deliverable: producing some deliverables is the aim of every project. These deliverables look into the need or problem related to a project before its execution. Every project is done or made to get the results. 4. Progressive Elaboration: when a certain project is being done then, continuous improvements and investigations related to a project also becomes the part of it. This investigation and improvements leads towards an accuracy of a project. For an example: in the project of agriculture, the increase in the production and marketing might be done on the basis of provision of water. Water would be the second priority once the agriculture parts are well under way. 7. Management of a project: this characteristic deals with the planning, controlling and execution of a project. It ensures that the project’s delivery is successfully being done on time. These are basically the objectives and strategies in association of a project. Management of a project also strengthens the company’s management, minimizes the factor of risk and accomplishes the changes in association with the company’s

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 42

English - Essay Example The answer is that there are serious problems in terms of distribution. Food is not accessible to everyone. Some governments, for example, steal food from their people. They might buy large quantities of rice on the world market and store it in warehouses hoping to resell it when the price goes up, instead of giving it to the people who need it most. This is a serious problem. Also, may poor countries have bad infrastructure. They simply lack the ports, railways, and roads that are needed to distribute food to rural areas. If a country lacks a port to bring in cargo it can be much more difficult to feed people. In Africa this has long been a problem. Fortunately new infrastructure is being built by the Chinese there which will hopefully alleviate the problem. Hunger is a terrible problem. But the cause is not necessarily or simply a lack of food. In order to solve this problem we need to empower people to build up their infrastructure so as to have better access to food. Mad Max Auto is a famous car company. We have a good market share, but we are looking to expand in a new direction. For the last few years there has been a lot of talk about the environment and about how to go green and save the planet. This is becoming a very important part of the decision consumers make when they buy a car. Therefore, I, as CEO, have become convinced that we need to make our cars greener. We need to develop the ultimate green car. This change in the culture has been several years in the making. People have slowly been learning more about climate change. They want to change their buying habits to reflect their new â€Å"green consciousness.† When they look at cars, they no longer want a big gas guzzler—they want something that will have low emissions and use less gas. They want something they will good about. In short, they want a car that makes them feel like a good person rather than a wasteful person. As a businessman it’s very important that I make note of changes

Ethics in the 21st Century Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics in the 21st Century - Research Paper Example Today, the world tolerates the problems of ethics alongside the technological and scientific domains that dominate the human race. Human beings can not just respond by themselves without the assistance of technology. Issues within the scientific community cannot be confronted until philosophical and ethical considerations are taken into account. Ethical reconciliation should be utilized when solving problems or interacting with diverse cultures. If one wishes to arrive at ethical clarifications of problems at hand, references must be cited to the traditional world of thought and wisdom. According to Prof. H. Atlan, philosophy is the key to arrive at ethical answers and to attend the problems of science and technology faced today. (UNESCO Headquarters|2001). There are two types of ethics that relate to globalization. First one is based on the ethics of sovereignty of States and the power structure. The second one relates to the responsibilities of the liberal market. These two kinds o f ethics and the vibrant relationship between the state the condition of ethics today. Globalization in the 21st Century gave birth to an accord between people who think internationally. In actuality, the emergence of a global civil community, through the sponsorship of global democracy, global governance and residency all contribute towards surfacing of ‘globalization of ethics’. (UNESCO Headquarters|2001)  Most students and officers when hearing the word â€Å"ethics† become spell bounded and images of departmental sanctions, internal affairs of a company, and extensive lawsuits came dawdling into their minds.  

Ethical appraisal of a science research proposal Essay

Ethical appraisal of a science research proposal - Essay Example Blood samples will be collected from the volunteers for lymphocyte preparation and DNA extraction purposes. By collecting blood samples from volunteers who are receiving methadone replacement therapy, this study aims to determine the role of opioid receptors (i.e. ?, ? and ? ) that contributes to the mechanism of tolerance, drug resistance, and susceptibility to the drug. This study will benefit forensic toxicologists in enabling them offer a more meaningful interpretation of a blood drug concentration found in heroin abuse cases. This study will test the following hypothesis: (1) there is phenotypic inter-individual variation in the ability of UK population to maintain tolerance to heroin; (2) that this variation is a consequence of genetic polymorphism in opioid receptors; and (3) that individuals with specific genotypes have heightened sensitivity to modifying effects of methadone replacement therapy. ... To assess the contribution of methadone replacement in the patterns of opioid receptor expression, the researcher will re-measure the key receptor levels after the 6th week of methadone replacement period. Aside from identifying volunteers with responsive receptor to methadone replacement therapy, this approach will enable the researcher minimize the potential confounding effect of habitual lifestyle on phenotypically â€Å"high† and â€Å"low† expressers. Individuals with high or low levels of receptors and those with responsive phenotype will be classified under subgroups. Eventually, lymphocytes taken from the volunteers will be transformed using Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) to produce immortalized cell lines which will be use as a model system in studying the drug gene interactions that could modulate opiate receptor levels. Identification, Discussion of Ethical Issues, and Control of Ethical Issues Respect for Human Rights Among the common ethical issues that may happe n when conducting a scientific-based research study includes matters that are related to the well-being of another person. As a common rule when conducting the actual research study, the researcher should respect the rights of another person by allowing them to make their own decision whether or not to participate in this study (Iltis, 2006, p. 126; Gregory, 2003, p. 41). In line with this, Israel and Hay (2006, p. 96) explained that harm caused by research activities is often â€Å"more likely to involve psychological distress, discomfort, social disadvantage, invasion of privacy or infringement of rights more than physical injury†. Iltis (2006, p. 139) stated that â€Å"disrespect occurs when researchers violate

Protection of data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Protection of data - Essay Example There are number of organizers and facilitators in the form of computer software, hardware, mobile phones, smart phones, laptops, tablet-pcs, and other such gadgets that allow the user to write the contents, record it and then send it to the destined email account. This entire route of services needs to be protected and secured against any threat that could damage the content and pass malafide contents with an intention to damage network of other people (Voltage 2011) The management of emails and its accounts are done by the email server which has several components out of which two components that are always required consists of Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) and Mail Delivery Agent (MDA). Both of these components perform different tasks. Emails are held by Mail Delivery Agent for delivery to users while emails are sent and received from other servers on Internet by Mail Transfer Agent (Swanson 2004) The Mail Transfer Agent uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) which picks mail from the email clients and sends to its destination server. The Mail Delivery Agent used two standard protocols; Post Office Protocol (POP) and Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP). The main difference between the two protocols are that after downloading the email from POP Server, the mail client removes email messages from the server, living the responsibility for the user to store and preserve it on a local machine (Swanson 2004) Whereas messages are stored in mail server and the backup is also made by the server. Messages are not deleted after downloading from IMAP server. POP is an older protocol and its use is reducing compared with IMAP protocol. The complexity and confusion comes when these two different types of protocols interact on the internet (Swanson 2004) Another component used commonly for protecting external attacks is the firewall software. Crackers and hackers deceive and bypass firewall by tunneling through the protocols used for email accounts as the contents of email are not checked by any protocol or system (GFI Software 2011) Email systems are classified in six ways as given below for which they are exploited for the purposes of information theft, attacking networks of other people and harassing target systems (GFI Software 2011) 1. Attack by trojans and viruses 2. Leakage of information 3. Malicious or offensive content 4. Varying methods of email attacks 5. Vulnerabilities in different software 6. Insufficient protection by security tools 7. Junk emails or SPAM TASK TWO EXAMPLES OF EMAIL EXPLOITS Attacks by trojans and viruses: The use of email has become global and wide spread. The hackers use email to tunnel the trojans and viruses as no security or email protocols check its text. In January 2004, it was reported by CNN that email virus MyDoom cost them US$250 million in productivity lost and expenses for technical support. Similarly in the studies cited by NetworkWorld (September 2003), U.S. companies alone spent an amount of US$3.5 bill ion to fight against the email viruses such as Blaster, SoBig.F, Wechia and others(GFI Software 2011) Trojans are sent by email and as soon as the email is opened it installs specific code which gains the control of servers and confidential information. Security experts in the computer technology call such trojans as â€Å"spy viruses† or â€Å"instructive viruses†; tools for industrial espionage. In October 2000,

Ethical appraisal of a science research proposal Essay

Ethical appraisal of a science research proposal - Essay Example Blood samples will be collected from the volunteers for lymphocyte preparation and DNA extraction purposes. By collecting blood samples from volunteers who are receiving methadone replacement therapy, this study aims to determine the role of opioid receptors (i.e. ?, ? and ? ) that contributes to the mechanism of tolerance, drug resistance, and susceptibility to the drug. This study will benefit forensic toxicologists in enabling them offer a more meaningful interpretation of a blood drug concentration found in heroin abuse cases. This study will test the following hypothesis: (1) there is phenotypic inter-individual variation in the ability of UK population to maintain tolerance to heroin; (2) that this variation is a consequence of genetic polymorphism in opioid receptors; and (3) that individuals with specific genotypes have heightened sensitivity to modifying effects of methadone replacement therapy. ... To assess the contribution of methadone replacement in the patterns of opioid receptor expression, the researcher will re-measure the key receptor levels after the 6th week of methadone replacement period. Aside from identifying volunteers with responsive receptor to methadone replacement therapy, this approach will enable the researcher minimize the potential confounding effect of habitual lifestyle on phenotypically â€Å"high† and â€Å"low† expressers. Individuals with high or low levels of receptors and those with responsive phenotype will be classified under subgroups. Eventually, lymphocytes taken from the volunteers will be transformed using Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) to produce immortalized cell lines which will be use as a model system in studying the drug gene interactions that could modulate opiate receptor levels. Identification, Discussion of Ethical Issues, and Control of Ethical Issues Respect for Human Rights Among the common ethical issues that may happe n when conducting a scientific-based research study includes matters that are related to the well-being of another person. As a common rule when conducting the actual research study, the researcher should respect the rights of another person by allowing them to make their own decision whether or not to participate in this study (Iltis, 2006, p. 126; Gregory, 2003, p. 41). In line with this, Israel and Hay (2006, p. 96) explained that harm caused by research activities is often â€Å"more likely to involve psychological distress, discomfort, social disadvantage, invasion of privacy or infringement of rights more than physical injury†. Iltis (2006, p. 139) stated that â€Å"disrespect occurs when researchers violate

Profession of Arms Essay Example for Free

Profession of Arms Essay Characterizing the Army as a profession is a widely debated issue. Some attest that the military employs a small cadre of professionals, yet this does not qualify the entire vocation as a profession. Others are not so kind and paint a picture of mindless robots simply following orders. The debate rages because it is fundamentally difficult to find an absolute definition for a profession. This troublesome task is further exasperated because the trust of the public ultimately certifies a profession. Nevertheless, the principle characteristic that remains constant to all professions is that they possess a guiding ethic that controls the effective application of their expertise. 1 The Army constitutes a profession because it possesses an ethical framework that is intrinsically present within the institution. As it relates to a professional ethic, all professions possess a code that governs the moral, ethical and legal activities of their members. For example, The American Medical Associations Code of Medical Ethics holds to the Oath of Hippocrates.2 This oath is Western civilization’s expression of the ideal conduct of a physician.3 Lawyers also take an oath of office that anchors them to the ethical practice of their craft. This code of ethics provides parameters for lawyers on how they should conduct their affairs and matters ranging from client confidentiality to conflict of interest.4 Similarly, all members of the United States Army swear or affirm an oath upon initial entry. The Oath of Enlistment or the Oath of Office marks the beginning of each Soldier’s military service and their commitment to a higher ethic. This oath is the bedrock of the Soldier’s moral and legal principles. The Army Values, the Soldier’s Creed and the Warrior Ethos exemplify the pinnacle of the Army’s organizational ethic. Some might argue that many organizations have a similar ethic, yet they are not a professio n. Why are athletic teams that incorporate and enforce team rules, not considered professions? Another issue concerning the Army professions ethical barometer stems from comments made by senior Army officials like General Maxwell Taylor, the fifth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. According to him, as long as a man performed his duty he  was fine. â€Å"For [GEN] Taylor, a good [S]oldier, even a good [O]fficer, could be a bad man.†5 What these dissentions fail to consider is that the Army, or any profession, does not singularly apply its ethic to the daily living of its members. Concerning the members of an athletic organization, it must be understood that one does not ethically hit, pass or throw a ball. Athletes do not apply ethical guidelines in the performances of their sports. Conversely, GEN Taylor fails to realize how private character affects the ability to command troops. One cannot compartmentalize the ethic of professionals into private and public sectors. Professionals apply their ethic to the application of their craft on behalf of the society they s erve. 6 Soldiers, like all members within a profession, must exercise their ethic in the execution of their work, not just in their private lives. Although, a universal criterion to qualify a particular vocation as a profession is difficult to quantify, the possession of a guiding ethic is common to all professional definitions. The Army is a profession because throughout its ranks it has continued to operate within the ethical framework it has set forth for itself. The Army, as a profession, demonstrates not only that it possesses ethical cannon, but is committed to operating by it. The Army Values, the Soldier’s Creed and the Warrior Ethos are the natural outpouring of these ethical cannon. Regardless of these facts, it remains unique to a profession that they cannot simply declare themselves a profession.7 The public reserves the right to determine so. Americans will only continue to regard the Army as a profession based on our effective and ethical application of landpower.8 Des pite many ethical failings, the American people recognize that the Army possesses the courage to hold its members ethically accountable and therefore legitimize itself as a profession of arms. Bibliography Pbs.org,. NOVA | The Hippocratic Oath Today. Last modified 2014. Accessed September 12, 2014. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/hippocratic-oath-today.html. Robinson, Paul. Ethics Training And Development In The Military. Ebook. 1st ed., 2007. Accessed September 11, 2014. http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/07spring/robinson.pdf. Training and Doctrine Command, â€Å"An Army White Paper: The Profession of Arms,† 8 December 2010, 2. http://www.benning.army.mil/armor/content/PDF/Profession%20of%20Arms%20White%20Paper%208%20Dec%2010.pdf U.S. Department of the Army. The Army Profession. Army Doctrine and Training Publications 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Army, June 13, 2013. Accessed September 11, 2014. http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_a/pdf/adrp1.pdf. YourDictionary.com,. Code Of Ethics Examples. Last modified 2014. Accessed September 11, 2014. http://examples.yourdictionary.com/code-of-ethics-examples.html.

Roles and Responsibilities of a Qualified Nurse

Roles and Responsibilities of a Qualified Nurse Professional Role Development The aim of this essay is to explore and discuss important aspects of the roles and responsibilities of the newly qualified nurse. It will look at and abroad discuss on different type of roles and responsibilities including transition. The roles and responsibilities of a qualified nurse include essential professional skills such as leading in care management and care delivery situations as well as maintaining standards of care. The focus of the essay will be discussing in detail two particular roles of the newly qualified nurse (delegation and patient group direction). It will discuss the meaning of these concepts and their importance for nurses and provide some practical contextual examples. It will also discuss the rational of chosen roles A new qualified nurse expected to be competent to work in all environments and situations. This emerging health care system requires a registered nurse workforce at all levels post initial registration capable of critical reflective thinking in order to create this system. Lofmark A (2006) claim that with registration comes a shift in professional accountability together with wider clinical management and teaching responsibilities. On becoming a qualified nurse, the expectations and dynamics of relationships changes fundamentally. Suddenly the newly qualified nurse is the one who must know the answer whether it is a query from a patient, a career, a work colleague or a student. The newly qualified nurse will encounter many challenging situations where she or he must lead care delivery. This includes dealing with care management within the team, dealing with patients/service users, dealing with other professionals and dealing with the required needs of the whole workplace environment. The NMC requires a student nurse to demonstrate professional and ethical practice, be competent in care delivery and care management and show personal and professional development in order to join the register NMC (2010). It is recognized that nurses should be provided with some form of preceptorship and supervision in their role for a period of four months time NMC (2006)) once qualified. Even in this period of preceptorship, there are new expectations and challenges faced by the newly qualified nurse. Mooney (2007) found that newly qualified nurses were faced with assumptions from others that they should know everything. This was also a high expectation they had of themselves. In meeting the NMC standards of proficiency, the nurse should have demonstrated the relevant knowledge and skills in order to practise in their career. However, it is important to recognise that not every nurse knows everything about everything in their career especially if they are practising in highly specialized fields. What they need is to be able to develop and adapt to changing situations. Therefore, for the nurse it is impossible to know everything but they should have developed the skills to find out relevant information, reflect on it, and apply this to their practice. In essence they should have learnt how to learn. There is a great deal to be learnt once qualified especially related to a nurses new area of work and a good deal of the development needs to take place on the job Lofmark A (2006). The study by Jackson. K (2005) suggested that a successful transition requires the nurse to develop a self-image relevant to the change in status to be able to do the job and that they meet the expectations with others with appropriate support. Mooney (2007) also points out that the duties faced by most newly qualified nurses were not patient contact centred. There were a lot of duties related to contacting and dealing with other professionals and services. These brought anxieties related to the responsibilities that might be faced as the nurses would become increasingly senior in their roles with others expecting them to provide the actions and the answers in complex situations. This highlights how the experience of nursing of transition from student to newly qualified nurse can be daunting. In the current environment there is an expectation that nurses have a preceptor one qualifying for aid in these transitions but the literature still suggests there is a difficulty in the transit ion process for such professionals. Hole. J, (2009) found that individual accountability, delegating duties without appearing bossy and some challenging clinical situations such as death and dying and specialised technological roles were found to be stressful by qualifying nurses. Issues of the preceptorship of newly qualified nurses become apparent and important in dealing with the transition from supervised student to autonomous practitioner. The approach taken throughout the rest of this essay will be to provide a discussion of the main theories, concepts, and issues related to the roles and responsibilities of delegation and PGD for newly qualified nurses. It will discuss the meaning of these concepts and their importance for nurses, and provide some practical contextual examples. The rational of choosing these two roles are because: Firstly delegation is a huge newly qualified nurses concern. According Hole. J, (2005) newly qualified nurses are not capable to delegate tasks to someone else and they end up overloading themselves. This is because an accountability issue or not knowing the staffs well as they is new to the ward. Secondly, it is a legal requirement that newly qualified nurses need to have knowledge of PGDs in order to work within legal and ethical frameworks that underpin safe and effective medicines management NMC (2010). For this reason, I personally was interested and picked them to discuss in order to develop my understanding and prepare me to successfully make the transition from student nurse to a registered professional. Delegation is a major function of an effective manager of patient care and is an essential skill when directing the activities of others at all levels in an organization. It is the means by which an individual is able to accomplish needed tasks with and through others. Although the delegator remains accountable for the task, the delegate is also accountable to the delegator for the responsibilities assumed. Delegation can help others to develop or enhance their skills, promotes teamwork and improves productivity Sollivan.E.J et al (2009). Therefore, delegation is the area where newly qualified staff experience huge difficulties. Often they do not feel confident enough to ask someone else to do something for them. Consequently, they try to do all of the work themselves and end up leaving late or providing less than adequate standards of care. Other members of staff will not mind if they delegate tasks to them as long as they apply the basic rules such as ensuring that it is something they are competent to do. When delegating, the delegator remain responsible for that care if he/she do not delegate appropriately as stated by NMC (2008). It is also important that the delegator explained clearly what it is he/she want them to do and why because he/she might genuinely busy or is it just something that he/she does not want to do. Hole.J, (2005) point out that as long as he/she asks the other member of staff in a courteous manner and stick to the rules, there will be few problems. However, there may always be someone who has the potential to react in a negative way to his/her request. These people are often known for this type of behaviour and it should be dealt with swiftly by the manager. This type of reaction experience should be discussed with the member of staff or if he/she not feels confident enough to do this, he/she should talk to the manager. As mention above this will be a difficult skill for a newly qualified nurse especially at first. They will need to get to know the other staff before they will feel truly comfortable delegating to others in the team. They may feel guilty about asking others to do tasks which they feel that they should be doing themselves. What they need to realise is that they cannot possibly do everything themselves and that they will need to work as a team in order to deliver good patient care. The new qualified nurses may well feel that they cannot ask others especially HCAs who have worked on the ward for years to do things for them. The nurse will probably feel self-conscious and embarrassed. The answer is that it is not what the nurse asks them to do that are important. It is how he/she asks them. Good communication is the key to successful delegation. The nurse should take a few minutes to discuss with the HCA/student with whom he/she is working who will be doing what during that shift. Share the workload and be realistic. Therefore the newly qualified nurses must not overload themselves with care they do not really think they can give. The member of staff would rather know what their workload is at the beginning of the shift so that they can organise their time effectively. If the delegator has to ask them to take on extra work during the shift, they will find this difficult Ellis, J.R. and Hartley, C.L, (2005). So the delegator should keep communicating with them during the shift, and if he/she is held up with relatives or an acutely ill patient, he/she should tell them and explain that he/she will try to help them as soon as possible. According to Hole.J, (2005) when the new qualified nurses are delegating, it is important to ensure that this is appropriate as it is their responsibility to ensure that the member of staff to whom they delegate is competent to perform the task. This means that if they delegate a task to a member of staff who is not competent and they perform the task wrongly, they are accountable for the harm caused to the patient. Although the member of staff responsible, they remain accountable. For example, they cannot assume that the HCA/student with whom they are working is competent in the skill of measuring and recording a patients blood pressure. Just because the member of staff has worked on that ward for a period of time, this does not mean that they have been taught correctly. They must assess their competence to perform the task before they allow them to do this independently. They can then justify their delegation of that skill if necessary. A Patient Group Direction (PGD) is a written instruction for the supply and/or administration of a licensed medicine (medicines) in an identified clinical situation signed by a doctor or a dentist and pharmacist. It applies to a group of patients who may not be individually identified before presenting for treatment NPC (2009), page 11. In simple terms, a PGD is the supply and/or administration of a specified medicine or medicines by named authorised health professionals for a group of patients requiring treatment for the condition described in the PGD. Conversely the health professional must be registered. RCN (2004) state that implementing PGDs may be appropriate both in circumstances where groups of patients may not have been previously identified for example, minor injuries and first contact services and in services where assessment and treatment follows a clearly predictable pattern such as immunisation, family planning and so on. Professionals using a PGD must be registered or equivalent members of their profession and act within their appropriate code of professional conduct. This differs from supplementary prescribers and independent prescribers who must also successfully complete specific prescribing training and be appropriately registered before they may prescribe. However, organisations using PGDs must designate an appropriate person within the organisation. For example, a clinical supervisor, line manager or General Practitioner to ensure that only fully competent, qualified and trained healthcare professionals use PGDs. Individual practitioners using a PGD must be named NP C (2009). A Patient Group Direction allows specified registered health care professionals to supply or administer a medicine directly to a patient with an identified clinical condition without him/her necessarily seeing a prescriber. For example, patients may present directly to health care professionals using PGDs in their services without seeing a doctor. Alternatively, the patient may have been referred by a doctor to another service. Whichever way the patient presents, the healthcare professional who works under the PGD is responsible for assessing the patient to ensure that patient fits the criteria set out in the PGD. In general, a PGD is not meant to be a long-term means of managing a patients clinical condition. This is best achieved by a health care professional prescribing for an individual patient on a one-to-one basis NPC (2009). The use of PGDs is widespread throughout the NHS and since April 2003, some non-NHS organisations have been able to use them suggested by NPC (2009). Organisations must ensure that staff responsible for the development / implementation of PGDs and those authorised to work under PGDs have the experience, knowledge and skills necessary to do so. However, different supplementary prescribers, nurse independent prescribers and healthcare professionals using PGDs do not have to become specifically qualified to do so. Alternatively, they must be assessed by their organisations as fully competent, qualified and trained to operate within a PGD. A suitably competent and experienced health care professional who will be working under the PGD should be involved in the writing of the PGD to ensure that the PGD meets the needs of the service. NPC (2009) suggests that there is no specific national training for healthcare professionals producing PGDs. Therefore, the role by RCN (2004) for nurse proposes that the registered nurse must be assessed as competent in medicines administration, must be trained to operate within a PGD and must follow the 6 Rs of medicines administration. Also In order to work under the PGD, register nurses need to be qualified for at least 6 months. They must assess the patients to ensure they fit the criteria as detailed in the PGD as well as ensuring the PGD meets the necessary legal requirements. Importantly, the supplying/dispensing or administration stage cannot delegate to another registered nurse or student nurse. The newly qualified nurses are not expected to be able to operate under a PGD until competent in medicines administration. However, they need to have knowledge of PGDs for their patient safety. For example, if patient under PGD admitted to the ward, the nurse must ensure that the medicines not stopped. The NMC (2010) code of conduct outline that newly qualified nurses to be fully understood all methods of supplying medicines. This includes Medicines Act exemptions, patient group directions (PGDs), clinical management plans and other forms of prescribing. They are expected to demonstrate knowledge and application of the principles required for safe and effective supply and administration via a patient group direction including an understanding of role and accountability. And also demonstrate how to supply and administer via a patient group direction. The newly qualified nurses may be involved with PGDs such as assisting and identifying areas where a PGD would offer more benefits than a PSD, understand the principles and processes of PGDs and be fully conversant with all the principles associated with dispensing and administering medicines they may also be working in a variety of settings where PGDs are used for example prison health care setting, nurse led service, walk in centres In my conclusion, I have learnt the roles and responsibilities of newly qualified nurses and I have developed skills and professional knowledge to work effectively with others. The Patient Group Direction helped me how the laws and policies are set up to ensure safe and effective delivery of care given to service users under a patient group direction. I am now prepared for the challenges I will face on being a newly qualified nurse by providing the knowledge and skills required to become effective and accountable practitioners. Clinical decisions will still have to be made in relation to meeting the needs of the people within my care. However, becoming a qualified nurse brings with its wider responsibilities in making and taking decisions related to the nursing team, other staff, and the work environment as a whole. These changes require a large shift from the experience of being a student and a mentored supervised learner, so it is essential that I am equipped with all the skills re quired to successfully make the transition.

Libertarianism Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Successful Love   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How can couples have successful love? Very seldom do couple start a loving relationship, and keep loving each other. Most relationships go down the drain usually between six months to two years. In the beginning, relationships are new, exciting, and passionate. After some time passes, things change and everything becomes predictable. When this happens, partners get sick of each other and start to fight and argue with each other. Basically, you just get on each others’ nerves. Authors Deborah Tannen, John Gray, Susan Page, and John Gottman explain certain solutions to have successful love. These authors have experience in analyzing relationships. Tannen is a linguistics professor at Georgetown University, specializing in language and communications. Gray is an inspirational writer on relationships. Page has done much work in workshops specializing in relationships and communications. Finally, Gottman is a psychology professor, who has done research on relati onships between two thousand married couples. They all mention that in order to keep a strong relationship, there are particular skills that you need to know. For men and women to successfully communicate, they must be able to listen to each other, understand each other, and not criticize one another. You must have these components to make a relationship successful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Listening is one of the most important aspects of successful communication between men and women. Listening is the act of paying attention in order to hear one another. When couples communicate, they usually think about talking instead of listening, even though â€Å"98% of good communication is listening.† (Page,28)Page states, â€Å"Listening means putting yourself in the other person’s shoes. It means trying to understand a different point of view before you try to make yourself understand. (Page,28) This explains the fact that what you are saying to someone may mean something totally different than what you wanted to say. To stay away from this problem you must speak as if you were listening. In other words, you have to hear the words that you are saying before they come out of your mouth. â€Å"To some people listening is a highly refined skill that is reserved for deep, intimate conversations or delicate negotiations.† (Page,28) To othe r pe... ...e him for who he is and the things he does for you.† (42) On the other hand, Tannen and Gray agree that you must be positive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you can tell, there are many tips to have a great relationship. After reading the authors’ essays, I have learned what to do and what not to do in a relationship. So next time my boyfriend starts to drift away, I will handle it differently. Instead of getting upset and crying because he doesn’t want to be with me; I will just let him be. I can understand that â€Å"he is going into his cave† and wants to be left alone. I will realize that it isn’t my fault. (Gray, 21) As author Deborah Tannen discusses the differences between men and women, she says â€Å"different perspectives on expressing or concealing dissatisfactions and doubts may reflect a difference in men’s and women’s awareness of the power of their words to affect others.† (15) If you are in a relationship and you want it to be successful, make sure that you listen to your partner, you understand men and women’s communication differences, and ne ver criticize-just compliment. If you work on these elements, you will achieve â€Å"Successful Love.†

Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essays -- essays research papers fc

Can the nation-state and culture combine forces to reduce interpersonal violence in the West?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence is a difficult term to define, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people are no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in violent crime in the last few decades has been accompanied by a rise in violence in the media, especially television, movies and music. To protect society, the US government must impose regulations on these media outlets so that audiences are not subjected to too much gratuitous violence that may influence them to commit such acts of violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much of Western society’s contemporary behavior is influenced by popular culture, usually by such media outlets as television, movies and music. Arguments exist today concerning the amount of responsibility that the media has to portray such violent crimes as unacceptable. The most popular of such beliefs is one that argues that the media is currently romanticizing the use of violence to gain an audience. Proponents of such an argument claim that if the media displays violence in a less glamorous way, interpersonal violence can be reduced. For this to happen, the nation-state must play the important role of regulating how much and what types of violence media sources can show, and to which audiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people, mostly men, enjoy viewing or hearing about acts of violence. Some even find it exciting to participate, on one level or another, in violent acts. Television programs, movies and music capitalize on this fact by showing or describing gratuitous acts of violence. Even news programs see the importance in covering violent interpersonal crimes in their broadcasts to gain high ratings. Western society is interested in conflict, and enjoys being a third party audience to such violence. The problem with this is that by consuming too much violence through th... ...duce more violent behavior from their audiences. The governments of the Western world cannot altogether prohibit the media from showing violence to their citizens, but they can impose more strict limitations on the amount of violence shown and to which audiences. More mature audiences can handle violent content better than younger, more impressionable audiences. Bibliography American Psychological Association Website www.apa.org/journals/xap/xap44291.html Anderson Ph.D., Craig â€Å"Exposure to Violent Media: The Effects of Songs with Violent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lyrics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings† Iowa State University. Texas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Department of Human Services; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vol. 84, No. 5. Egger, S. Violence and Masculinity: A Commentary Huston, A.C., et al 1992 Big World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society. Lincoln Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Strang, H. 1992, Homicides in Australia 1990-1991, Australian Institute of Criminology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canberra. Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essays -- essays research papers fc Can the nation-state and culture combine forces to reduce interpersonal violence in the West?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence is a difficult term to define, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people are no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in violent crime in the last few decades has been accompanied by a rise in violence in the media, especially television, movies and music. To protect society, the US government must impose regulations on these media outlets so that audiences are not subjected to too much gratuitous violence that may influence them to commit such acts of violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much of Western society’s contemporary behavior is influenced by popular culture, usually by such media outlets as television, movies and music. Arguments exist today concerning the amount of responsibility that the media has to portray such violent crimes as unacceptable. The most popular of such beliefs is one that argues that the media is currently romanticizing the use of violence to gain an audience. Proponents of such an argument claim that if the media displays violence in a less glamorous way, interpersonal violence can be reduced. For this to happen, the nation-state must play the important role of regulating how much and what types of violence media sources can show, and to which audiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people, mostly men, enjoy viewing or hearing about acts of violence. Some even find it exciting to participate, on one level or another, in violent acts. Television programs, movies and music capitalize on this fact by showing or describing gratuitous acts of violence. Even news programs see the importance in covering violent interpersonal crimes in their broadcasts to gain high ratings. Western society is interested in conflict, and enjoys being a third party audience to such violence. The problem with this is that by consuming too much violence through th... ...duce more violent behavior from their audiences. The governments of the Western world cannot altogether prohibit the media from showing violence to their citizens, but they can impose more strict limitations on the amount of violence shown and to which audiences. More mature audiences can handle violent content better than younger, more impressionable audiences. Bibliography American Psychological Association Website www.apa.org/journals/xap/xap44291.html Anderson Ph.D., Craig â€Å"Exposure to Violent Media: The Effects of Songs with Violent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lyrics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings† Iowa State University. Texas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Department of Human Services; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vol. 84, No. 5. Egger, S. Violence and Masculinity: A Commentary Huston, A.C., et al 1992 Big World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society. Lincoln Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Strang, H. 1992, Homicides in Australia 1990-1991, Australian Institute of Criminology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canberra.

Education Gap and Social Mobility

â€Å"America may be the land of opportunities, but it is also the land of inequalities†(Lareau, pg3). The American dream is perceived to be obtainable for everyone, not on a rigid class structure, but the rising concern of an educational gap and social mobility presents a new theory that may deviate this notion. Throughout Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, by Annette Lareau, Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Education Achievement and Attainment, by Grace Koa and Jennifer S.Thompson, and the black-white test score gap, by George Farkas, each with its own approach, analyze the pre-exiting relationship between race, ethnicity, social class, and the academic performance and achievement attainment of different counterparts. Essentially, each with its own childrearing practices that could pertain to the level of success an individual is exposed to. Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, is a sociological study that draws in-depth observations of black a nd white middle-class, working-class, and poor families.Author Annette Lareau, introduces the power of the social class and their limitations in which may either benefit or become a disadvantage for some. While the important of social class is often overlooked, Lareau ventures out to disprove the notion that this country is â€Å"fundamentally open. † While the common belief is that people who demonstrate hard work, effort and talent, uphold equal life chances, and are capable of achieving upward mobility, Lareau challenges the idea that success is solely in the hands of the individual, but more so the parent’s social location that systematically shapes a child’s daily life.While observing numerous counterparts, she argues that social categories are important to conclude in order to help understand the behavior of family members and their routine of their daily lives. Annette Lareau develops and introduces two types of childrearing practices, concerted cultivati on and the accomplishment of natural growth. Among her notion that social class is pertinent to a child’s outcome, it is also derived from the childrearing practices of a parent.While concerted cultivation provides a child of middle class more opportunities, it may also come with a weighted cost. As for natural growth, it provides an individual with kinship and the ability to attain relationships, but withdrawals the opportunity to proficient in a school or professional setting. Essentially Lareau focuses on social class and child-rearing practices to provide evidence and prove her theory about social inequality.

Emotional and Psychological Effects of Cancer

Writing 1010 Final Research Paper April 26, 2012 Emotional and Psychological Effects of Cancer Nearly 11,958,000 people were living with cancer in the U. S. in the year of 2008. (â€Å"Cancer Prevalence: How Many People Have Cancer? †). It is the second-leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer is â€Å"characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. †(Mayo Clinic Staff) It is caused by a simple DNA mutation that causes the body to create a cancerous cell.It causes many physical complications including: pain, fatigue, difficult breathing, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and difficult immune reactions known as paraneoplastic syndromes. The effects of cancer are not only physiological but also psychological and emotional. Cancer causes a number of psychological effects such as: stress, constant fatigue, depression, withdrawal, fear, and anger. When a patient is diagn osed with cancer, their reaction may vary depending on a number of factors such as the type and severity or stage of the cancer, and simply the patient’s personality.In most cases, patients first experience shock or denial once they have heard the harsh news. This is followed, a few days or weeks later, by sadness and depression. Later on they will experience withdrawal, uncontrollable fear of what is to come, anger, and guilt. (â€Å"Coping and Support. Emotional Effects of Cancer. †) Some patients feel they have become lost and isolated from the world. For when they are undergoing treatments, they may be physically isolated for periods of time and must wear protective gear to simply exit their sterile room. Permitting contact with anyone or anything that is not necessary for treatment.Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800sThis is an incredibly emotional taxing time for the patients, for this is the time that contact with family, friends, and the outside world are import ant for a person’s emotional well-being. Extreme stress is always an effect on a patient, their family, and their friends due to the many complications outside of the patient’s physical complications. This includes job concerns, financial instability, and what will happen to the family if the patient passes away. (Julia Beirut) Because cancer has affected so many people around the globe, it has become easier to find ways to cope with cancer than ever before.Many websites, books, support groups, therapist specialties, and therapies have been created to help everyone affected by cancer to find coping skills that work best for them. Many people have suggested that patients and family members let out the bad feelings so that they may more fully enjoy the positive aspects of the situation. It is also important to stay connected with family, friend, and the community through social networks, visits, and participating in community activities such as yoga classes, swimming, bo ok clubs, and religious activities.It is also important to keep a positive attitude as much as possible without keeping the bad emotions balled up inside and pretending not to care. It is healthy to make peace with the unknown, or accepting that they do not know what will happen or if they will recover or not. This is said to be one of the hardest coping mechanisms, but also one of the most important. It is extremely important to seek professional care for psychological and emotional effects. Rarely can one deal with the pain and stress of cancer on their own and in their own way.Refusing to receive guidance from a professional therapist is like refusing to go skydiving for the first time with a professional skydiver. (National Bone Marrow Transplant Link) Joey Call is a survivor of stage 3 leukemia as of this year. He was diagnosed in the fall of 2010, at the age of 24. He was treated with chemotherapy and radiation frequently and felt the effects immediately. After starting treatm ent he noticed a change in his personality as well as his body. He explains,† I felt like I was in a fog for the first few months. Like my mind and emotions just turned themselves off.Then once I could really understand that I had cancer, I just exploded. I didn’t know how to handle it. It was too much to take in. I was like a baby. I cried for days! † Joey continues to explain that after the depression and denial, he started to become so stressed. â€Å"The doctor said that I won’t be able to have kids after the chemo. It made me even more scared and stressed out. How was my wife going to take this? I can’t even give her a family the normal way. We have to do ________ for the rest of our lives. That was the most stressful thing of the whole thing. † He and his wife also went through tough financial losses.Without Joey working and his wife still in college, they were struggling to pay their bills. When joey was younger, he was in prison. He wa s exposed to contaminated drug needles and other devices that had many diseases and viruses on them. He used his friend’s needle once, and that one harmless choice would later help give him not only leukemia, but also hepatitis B. Because of this one time action, he would later feel extreme guilt and regret, for he knew that that one â€Å"fix† was a huge factor into giving him great health problems later in life. â€Å"It was so not worth it,† he claims.Even though Joey is cancer free, he is still struggling with depression, fear or returning cancer, and extreme stress. (Joey Call) Even though cancer is extremely hard on the body, mind, and soul; happiness can be achieved. It may seem too difficult to handle, but many survive and go onto living happy and successful lives. With the help of professionals and the support of doctors, family, and friends, survival is possible. Works Cited Beirut, Julia. â€Å"Mental Effects of Breast Cancer. † [Online]http:// www. livestrong. com/article/78853-mental-effects-breast-cancer/ February 2,2010 Call, Joey.Interview. Salt Lake City, Utah: April 21, 2012. â€Å"Cancer Prevalence: How Many People Have Cancer? † [Online] http://www. cancer. org/Cancer/CancerBasics/cancer-prevalence October 10, 2011 â€Å"Coping and Support. Emotional Effects of Cancer. † [Online] http://www. leukemiabmtprogram. org/patients_and_family/coping_and_support/emot onal_effects_of_cancer/your_emotions. html 2011 Mayo Clinic Staff. â€Å"Cancer† [Online] http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/cancer/DS01076 May 8, 2010 National Bone Marrow Transplant Link. †Survivorship Guide for Bone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplant† [Online] Emotional and Psychological Effects of Cancer Writing 1010 Final Research Paper April 26, 2012 Emotional and Psychological Effects of Cancer Nearly 11,958,000 people were living with cancer in the U. S. in the year of 2008. (â€Å"Cancer Prevalence: How Many People Have Cancer? †). It is the second-leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer is â€Å"characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. †(Mayo Clinic Staff) It is caused by a simple DNA mutation that causes the body to create a cancerous cell.It causes many physical complications including: pain, fatigue, difficult breathing, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and difficult immune reactions known as paraneoplastic syndromes. The effects of cancer are not only physiological but also psychological and emotional. Cancer causes a number of psychological effects such as: stress, constant fatigue, depression, withdrawal, fear, and anger. When a patient is diagn osed with cancer, their reaction may vary depending on a number of factors such as the type and severity or stage of the cancer, and simply the patient’s personality.In most cases, patients first experience shock or denial once they have heard the harsh news. This is followed, a few days or weeks later, by sadness and depression. Later on they will experience withdrawal, uncontrollable fear of what is to come, anger, and guilt. (â€Å"Coping and Support. Emotional Effects of Cancer. †) Some patients feel they have become lost and isolated from the world. For when they are undergoing treatments, they may be physically isolated for periods of time and must wear protective gear to simply exit their sterile room. Permitting contact with anyone or anything that is not necessary for treatment.Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800sThis is an incredibly emotional taxing time for the patients, for this is the time that contact with family, friends, and the outside world are import ant for a person’s emotional well-being. Extreme stress is always an effect on a patient, their family, and their friends due to the many complications outside of the patient’s physical complications. This includes job concerns, financial instability, and what will happen to the family if the patient passes away. (Julia Beirut) Because cancer has affected so many people around the globe, it has become easier to find ways to cope with cancer than ever before.Many websites, books, support groups, therapist specialties, and therapies have been created to help everyone affected by cancer to find coping skills that work best for them. Many people have suggested that patients and family members let out the bad feelings so that they may more fully enjoy the positive aspects of the situation. It is also important to stay connected with family, friend, and the community through social networks, visits, and participating in community activities such as yoga classes, swimming, bo ok clubs, and religious activities.It is also important to keep a positive attitude as much as possible without keeping the bad emotions balled up inside and pretending not to care. It is healthy to make peace with the unknown, or accepting that they do not know what will happen or if they will recover or not. This is said to be one of the hardest coping mechanisms, but also one of the most important. It is extremely important to seek professional care for psychological and emotional effects. Rarely can one deal with the pain and stress of cancer on their own and in their own way.Refusing to receive guidance from a professional therapist is like refusing to go skydiving for the first time with a professional skydiver. (National Bone Marrow Transplant Link) Joey Call is a survivor of stage 3 leukemia as of this year. He was diagnosed in the fall of 2010, at the age of 24. He was treated with chemotherapy and radiation frequently and felt the effects immediately. After starting treatm ent he noticed a change in his personality as well as his body. He explains,† I felt like I was in a fog for the first few months. Like my mind and emotions just turned themselves off.Then once I could really understand that I had cancer, I just exploded. I didn’t know how to handle it. It was too much to take in. I was like a baby. I cried for days! † Joey continues to explain that after the depression and denial, he started to become so stressed. â€Å"The doctor said that I won’t be able to have kids after the chemo. It made me even more scared and stressed out. How was my wife going to take this? I can’t even give her a family the normal way. We have to do ________ for the rest of our lives. That was the most stressful thing of the whole thing. † He and his wife also went through tough financial losses.Without Joey working and his wife still in college, they were struggling to pay their bills. When joey was younger, he was in prison. He wa s exposed to contaminated drug needles and other devices that had many diseases and viruses on them. He used his friend’s needle once, and that one harmless choice would later help give him not only leukemia, but also hepatitis B. Because of this one time action, he would later feel extreme guilt and regret, for he knew that that one â€Å"fix† was a huge factor into giving him great health problems later in life. â€Å"It was so not worth it,† he claims.Even though Joey is cancer free, he is still struggling with depression, fear or returning cancer, and extreme stress. (Joey Call) Even though cancer is extremely hard on the body, mind, and soul; happiness can be achieved. It may seem too difficult to handle, but many survive and go onto living happy and successful lives. With the help of professionals and the support of doctors, family, and friends, survival is possible. Works Cited Beirut, Julia. â€Å"Mental Effects of Breast Cancer. † [Online]http:// www. livestrong. com/article/78853-mental-effects-breast-cancer/ February 2,2010 Call, Joey.Interview. Salt Lake City, Utah: April 21, 2012. â€Å"Cancer Prevalence: How Many People Have Cancer? † [Online] http://www. cancer. org/Cancer/CancerBasics/cancer-prevalence October 10, 2011 â€Å"Coping and Support. Emotional Effects of Cancer. † [Online] http://www. leukemiabmtprogram. org/patients_and_family/coping_and_support/emot onal_effects_of_cancer/your_emotions. html 2011 Mayo Clinic Staff. â€Å"Cancer† [Online] http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/cancer/DS01076 May 8, 2010 National Bone Marrow Transplant Link. †Survivorship Guide for Bone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplant† [Online]